英语论文网

ion.（X）应为:The electrode was prepared by electrochemical deposition. （注：deposition表示”沉积”是不可数名词，不需要限定词，但如果用method就需要加限定词了，如The electrode was prepared by an electrochemical method）
Schematic illustration: 语义重复，An illustration is schematic. 还有such as和et al. such as已经表示不完全列举就不需要再加et al. 同样，analysis results, 要么说analysis, 要么说results
Research是个集合名词，所以不用复数形式，谓语动词用单数：previous research/work shows that…，不要说researches，不要说research work，也不要出现“研究者”researchers这样的单词
composite vs. hybrid: 这两个词的使用比较有争议，有一种说法是composite的成分里至少含有一种有机物或高分子，hybrid的组分都是无机物。另一种说法是composite的组分有主客之分，即一个是基质，另一个是填料（命名时常用斜线连接两个组分：Matrix/Filler），hybrid的组分之间比较平等（命名时常用连字符连接两个组分：A-B）。另外，composite就是名词，复合物，不是composition；compound一般指通过化学键连接的化合物
However （可是） vs. but：however是副词，后面一般跟个逗号；but是连词，不能单独用于句首（and也一样）（但是《经济学人》经常这么干）。However的同义词是nevertheless和nonetheless，后两者更正式
compared to vs. compared with: compared to 侧重相似，compared with 侧重不同
due to=attributable to, 不完全等于because of
based on vs. on the basis of: based on相当于(which is) based on 一般用于修饰名词，不用于句首，句首用on the basis of，例如：On the basis of the calculations, we propose a mechanism that…; We propose a mechanism based on the calculations.
A由BCD组成：A comprises of B, C, and D; A is composed of B, C, and D; A consistsof B, C, and D; A is consisted of B, C, and D.
respectively要有对应关系，不等于separately
不要说in this paper，换成in this study：前者是中文直译，后者是比较规范的英文写法
少用没有意义的副词如obviously, clearly, basically, interestingly, surprisingly, indeed, understandably, admittedly, namely, virtually, actually… （你在用interesting的时候，读者不会觉得interesting）The SEM image （clearly） shows the morphology of the electrode. 有话直说
不要用too, 用also
在使用形容词/副词的时候要保守中立，不要自我吹捧, 这些单词少用或者不用：significantly/considerably/remarkably/tremendously/substantially/，因为主观性太强，没有意义
不要用口语：a lot of=many, find out=determine, go into=enter, get rid of=avoid, take away=remove,
说话留有余地，以下词汇视情况使用：suggest, imply, indicate, support, likely, probably, possibly, presumably, potentially, mainly, primarily, partially, approximately, to (a large/some/a certain) extent, can, could, may, might, would (情态动词的过去式语气较原形弱化)， we think/we speculate (不要用guess， guess纯粹是瞎猜)/we believe/we reckon/we estimate，be supposed to/be expected to
选择恰当的词汇可以使句子简练很多。例：In order to determine how flexible the fibre-shaped supercapacitor is, we measured the charge/discharge profile of a device that was repeatedly bent in different shapes at a constant current. 修改后: The flexibility of the fibre-shaped supercapacitor is evidenced by galvanostatic charge/discharge experiments under dynamic deformations.
使用代词this/that/it可以让语言精练，但是需确保代词的指向明确，没有歧义
as作为连词表示因为一般置于句首，句中用because表示因果关系。since表示因果一般与时间有关

行文

行文要简洁，避免赘述，如“as we have mentioned previously,”“ Figure 1 shows the SEM image of the particle.”（不说读者也知道Figure 1是啥）还有：It has been found that; It was demonstrated that;
注意Add的用法：The mixture was added 10 mL of water.这句话被动语态使用不当，因为被执行“加入”的对象是water而不是mixture。正确的表述是：“10 mL of water was added to the mixture. ” 或者 “To the mixture was added 10 mL of water. ” 后者是表示方位的介词短语置于句首，句子用部分倒装的情况。另外，这种带单位的主语一般也被认为是集合名词，谓语动词用单数形式：10 g of carbon nanotubes was added into the solution.
which vs. that: which 和 that都可以作为先行词引导定语从句，非限制性定语从句只能用which，限制性定语从句一般用that不用which。简单来说，用which引导的定语从句前面有个逗号，不用逗号的一般用that做先行词。另外，that引导的定语从句内容都比较重要，which引导从句内容就没那么重要。例如，（1）The carbon nanotube fibre was prepared from carbon nanotube arrays that were synthesise