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第一章 CHAPTER I

前言 INTRODUCTION

背景 Background

马六甲海峡延伸至马来西亚半岛和印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛之间。马六甲海峡的沿岸有马来西亚,新加坡和印尼等国家。马六甲海峡绵延至泰国、马来西亚和新加坡海岸线以东,印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛以西,从它的最宽处到它的最窄处长度约为500英里(在北苏门答腊和泰国之间为350公里)(在苏门答腊南部和新加坡之间的部分少于3公里)。

马六甲海峡是世界上一个极为重要的船运航线。每年,携带各种货物穿过马六甲海峡的船只超过60000艘,携带的物品从原油到成品各式各样，运送地点遍及世界各地。穿过马六甲海峡的船只数量几乎是通过巴拿马运河的船只数量的三倍，是通过苏伊士运河的船只数量的一倍以上。马六甲海峡,连接印度洋、南海和太平洋,是世界海洋运输的高速公路。世界约30%的交易商品和日本80%的石油需要通过这个运输繁忙的航道。因为马六甲海峡在国际社会中是至关重要的,对它的安全保护,特别是在安全航路的商务条款必须做出明文规定,必须确保海峡安全以促进世界贸易的不断发展。任何通过恐怖组织或国家中断或封锁马六甲海峡的行为,都可能促使政党干预和破坏沿岸国家的主权，鉴于马六甲海峡的主要作用，应该极力避免这种现象的发生。

The Straits of Malacca stretches between Peninsular Malaysia and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The littoral states of the Straits of Malacca are Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. The Strait, situated between the coastline of Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore to the east and the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the west, extends 500 miles from its widest point (350 km between Northern Sumatra and Thailand) to its narrowest (less than 3 km wide between southern Sumatra and Singapore).

The Straits of Malacca is an important shipping lane in the world. Every year, more than 60,000 ships pass through the Straits of Malacca carrying various cargoes, from crude oil to finished products from all over the world.This number is nearly three times the number of ships that navigate through the Panama Canal and more than double the number that uses the Suez Canal. The Straits of Malacca, which connects the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean, is one of the busiest ocean highways in the world. About 30 per cent of the world's traded goods and 80 percent of Japan's oil needs are transported through this busy waterway.Since the Straits of Malacca is vital to the world community, its safe keeping, especially in terms of the security of its sea-lane of commerce, must be ensured in order that the Strait will continuously facilitate world trade. Any disruption or blockage of the Straits of Malacca, either by terrorist groups or by nation states, could prompt many parties to intervene and undermine the sovereignty of the littoral states over it.

One of the issues in the Straits of Malacca today is the threat of maritime security from piracy and possible terrorism, or the nexus between these two activities. Because of this, there has recently been increasing fear over the safety of navigation in the Straits of Malacca. This fear arises from the high incidence of piracy and armed attacks against ships in the Strait and assessments that terrorist groups might have, or could quickly acquire, the capabilities to attack ships. Piracy has been a considerable problem in the Strait in recent years; rising from 11 attacks in 2002 to 24 and 25 attacks in 2003 and in 2004 respectively.In 2005, from the month of January till September there are 10 attacks by the pirates against the merchant ships and fishing boats.[5] 

With these recent incidents as a reminder, the United States (US) as a international stakeholders has been expressing her concern for the safety of the strait and proposed to conduct patrols by US marines in the Straits of Malacca. This w本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。