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behavior including environmental conditions, luck, others’ influence andtask difficulty and so on. If the individual attributed his behavior to internal causes,he should be responsible for it. Otherwise, he would not be responsible. Thepioneering study of Heider established the basic framework of attribution theory.
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Chapter Two Theoretical Framework

2.1 Maslach’s three-dimensional burnout theory
Maslach and other researchers first focused on the burnout phenomenon ofprofessional workers in human service field. They mentioned that human serviceworkers spent a lot amount of time involving with the other people. The interactionwas often centered on clients’ psychological, physical or social problems and thusfilled with negative emotional feelings. As the clients’ problems were not alwayseasily solved, the human service workers would produce burnout under the chronicstress.They pointed out that the increased feeling of emotional exhaustion was a keyaspect of burnout syndrome. As their emotional resources were depleted, workersfelt that they could no longer give of themselves at a psychological level. Anotheraspect was the development of negative, cynical attitudes and feelings about one’sclients. Such negative reactions to clients might be related to the experience ofemotional exhaustion. The callous or even dehumanized perception of others couldlead staff to view their clients as somehow deserving of their troubles. A third aspectof the burnout syndrome was the tendency to evaluate oneself negatively,particularly with regard to one’s work with clients. Workers feel unhappy aboutthemselves and dissatisfied with their accomplishments on the job. Thus thethree-dimensional burnout theory containing emotional exhaustion,depersonalization and personal accomplishment is established. (Maslach & Jackson,1981)
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2.2 Weiner’s attribution theory
American psychologist B. Weiner is the aggregator of attribution theory. On thebasis of summarizing the previous researches, he pioneered the three-dimensionalattribution theory, which systematically describes students’ explanation for theirsuccess or failure in learning. An attribution theory of motivation and emotion(Weiner, 1986) is a general summary of the research results. And Judgments ofResponsibility: A Foundation for a Theory of Social Conduct (Weiner, 1995) andIntrapersonal and Interpersonal Theories of Motivation from an AttributionPerspective (Weiner, 2000) perfect and expand the theory, and mark itsestablishment.In Weiner’s early writings, he first claimed there were four main causes to whichpeople attributed achievement (Weiner, Russell, & Lerman, 1979). They are ability,effort, luck and task difficulty. But with the deepening of the study, some researchersbelieve that the four elements are actually not comprehensive. For instance, Little(1985) identified 18 different causes employed by children to explain academicoutcomes. However, after summarizing the previous study results, Weiner (1986)pointed out that, although attribution should also involve aspects of mood, fatigue,disease, cooperation, others’ help, prejudice and so on, the four elements, namelyability, effort, luck and task difficulty are the most universally applied for individuals’success or failure attribution.
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