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美国黑人街头帮历史探究

论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:学期论文 termpaper登出时间:2015-07-10编辑:Cinderella点击率:9744

论文字数:3221论文编号:org201507091354446663语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文

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摘要:本文对兴起于20世纪20、30年代的美国黑人街头团伙的发展历史进行了比较详细的研究分析。

最初,美国黑人街头帮的历史要追溯到20世纪20年代和30年代早期。他们在洛杉矶东区中央大道和弗农达到之间组建起街头团伙。同时还在洛杉矶城区驻扎下来。然后随后,美国黑人开始朝着南部移动,从洛杉矶城区,经由中央大街到史劳森大道。在那段时期,史劳森大道和费尔斯通大道之间的区域(如今被称为曼城)主要被白人居民占领着。但是黑人人口在费尔斯通南部开始上涨,主要是在第92大街和帝国大街的沃茨地区。


当时洛杉矶最有名气的街头帮派是'Goodlows', 'Kelleys', 'Magnificents', 'Driver Brothers', the 'Boozies', 和the 'Blodgettes' ,他们主要在街头巷尾游荡。Boozies这个团伙是有很多兄弟和狐朋狗友集结起来的,常常进行卖淫和抢劫活动。他们主要在杰斐逊公园和登克尔大街出没。从中央大街到洛杉矶东部主要被Magnificents占据,他们是一伙年轻人,但到了20世纪30年代,随着他们年岁渐长,名气也逐渐衰落下去了。


Firstly, the history of African-American gangs extends as far back as the 1920s and early 1930s. They formed street gangs on the Eastside of Los Angeles near Central and Vernon Avenues. The downtown area of Los Angeles was the first place where they settled around the same time. Moreover, African-Americans began to move south during the years to follow, from downtown Los Angeles , down Central Avenue towards Slauson Avenue. During that period of time, the area between Slauson Avenue and Firestone, also known today as Manchester, was occupied primarily by white residents. But, African-American populations grew south of Firestone, in Watts between 92nd Street and Imperial.



The most publicized gangs in Los Angeles were the 'Goodlows', 'Kelleys', 'Magnificents', 'Driver Brothers', the 'Boozies', and the 'Blodgettes' which hung out on street corners .The street gang 'Boozies' was formed of a family of many brothers and friends who were involved in prostitution and robbery. They used to hung out on areas such as the Jefferson Park and Denker Avenue. From the Central Avenue area on the eastside of Los Angeles, was occupied by the 'Magnificents' who were a group of youths, that became less famous in the late 1930s as the they became older.


Secondly, in the mid 1940s new Black gangs were about to form in the Central Ave area, and in East Los Angeles. The most known gangs during this period were the 'Purple Hearts', that occupied 31st Street, and 28th Street. And later on, by the late 1940s several more clubs appeared.


Also in the late 1940s, the clubs gained popularity in the Black community. While some were attempting at political organizations, others were formed to serve as protective mechanisms against the White violence from the white clubs. White residents developed a resentment towards the new migrants, especially due to the fact that Blacks migrated in a large number from South during WWII.


The illegal actions that some Black clubs were involved were petty thefts, robbery and assaults, and extremely rare murder. Chains, bats, and occasionally knives served as weapons of choice in disputes, although they were mostly settled by hand to hand. In early 1960s, the Los Angeles Police Department started to identify the Black youths and car clubs as 'gangs', this period of time representing the peak period of this groups.


Some of the most popular car clubs that dominated through out the 1950s and 1960s in Los Angeles, were the 'Low Riders', the 'Coasters', the 'Highwaymen' and the 'Road Devils'. These were followed by other major territorial clubs such as the 'Businessmen', the 'Slauson', the 'Gladiators', the 'Huns' and the 'Rebel Rousers'.


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