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国外留学生课程作业:在线流媒体商业模式

论文作者:meisishow论文属性:课程作业 Coursework登出时间:2014-09-03编辑:meisishow点击率:12915

论文字数:2698论文编号:org201409030902033632语种:英语 English地区:澳门价格:免费论文

关键词:music industryBeliebing比信流式媒体音乐香港作业

摘要:唱片老板现在希望在线流媒体可以成为一个大到能阻止行业衰退的商业模式,当然这种模式也需要取决于经济模式的相对应发展,在这里我们就来简单介绍一下。

在奥克兰的在线电视台总部名字是潘多拉,大约这里有十二名戴着耳机的音乐分析师,他们一边听着音乐一边填写着相关的调查问卷。他们的工作主要是把歌曲进行归类,分为快乐的还是愤怒的,歌手的嗓音是气声的还是哑声的,他们还需要标上能否可以听到电吉他、琵琶或者风笛的声音。他们的分类工作可以帮助形成给七千六百万用户推荐音乐的计算模式。


潘多拉可以说是创新的领头羊,在这场创新革命之中,会有更多的人会在智能手机或手提电脑上通过互联网来播放音乐而并非只是歌曲。这种变化是从二零零三年的苹果普及了付费服务,它可以提供下载功能,这也成为唱片业的再次创新的关键性要素。从乙烯树脂制成的黑胶唱片、磁带和CD到MP3,唱片业正在经历着再一次的创新变革。也许对于其中的一些部而来说,这是他最后一次成为行业领军的缪斯。


1、AT THE headquarters of Pandora, an online-radio firm, in Oakland, about a dozen headphone-clad analysts fill in a long questionnaire as they listen. They rank whether a song’s mood is “joyful” or “hostile”, the vocalist “breathy” or “gravelly”. They note whether they can hear electric guitars, lutes or bagpipes. Their ratings help to shape algorithms that push Music to the service’s 76m users.


2 Pandora is in the vanguard of a revolution in which ever more consumers are streaming music over the internet to their smartphones or computers, instead of owning collections of songs. For the first time since Apple popularised the paid download in 2003, the record business is changing key again. From wax cylinders via vinyl, cassettes and CDs to MP3s, it is undergoing another format shift—maybe, some in the business muse, its last.

3 Streaming services give music-lovers access to millions of songs, but the services are not all alike. Online-radio versions, including Pandora and Apple’s iTunes Radio, choose what consumers hear, and the firms make their revenues through advertising. Others, such as Spotify and Deezer, let customers select songs from a catalogue of 20m-30m, charging premium subscribers a monthly fee. Free services that stream music videos, such as YouTube, also get plenty of play. All the variants pay the record labels some fraction of a penny each time someone clicks on a song.


4 Streaming’s rise makes music bosses as giddy as a bunch of teenage “Beliebers” queuing to see Justin Bieber (pictured). Yet at first glance a report on March 18th by IFPI, a record-industry group, suggests that things are still getting worse. Music labels’ worldwide revenues fell by 4% last year to $15 billion, a reversal of 2012’s slight rise. But much of the fall was due to Japanese consumers finally giving up on CDs, as much as the rest of the world had already done. A closer look shows that streaming services are starting to bring the business back into profit in countries that have suffered steady declines, such as Italy.


5、Online-radio Gaga  5 Streaming now has around 28m paying subscribers, and several times as many who use free versions. Last year subscription-based versions like Spotify had combined revenues of more than $1 billion, up more than 50% from 2012. That figure does not include online-radio firms, which last year had revenues of $590m in America alone, a rise of 28% from the year before. In America, the largest music market, 21% of the industry’s 2013 revenues came from streaming, whose growth more than offset declines in CD sales.


6 Streaming services have taken off thanks to wider smartphone adoption, faster internet connections (including 4G mobile) and the spread of cheap online “cloud” storage for music files. Even so, only 4-5% of music consumers in America and Britain have so far signed up for subscription streaming, says Mark Mulligan of MIDiA Consulting. But if just 10% of论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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