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Exploring Why Some Coastlines Attract More Human Management Than Others

论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-03-14编辑:点击率:5789

论文字数:800论文编号:org200903142251501728语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文

关键词:CoastlinesHuman Management

Coastal management involves controlling development and change, and
undertaking works in the coastal zone. Good management involves taking
into account both physical and environmental considerations, as well
as the views of local residents and others involved. There are two
different types of coastal engineering, the ‘hard’ and ‘soft’
strategies. Hard engineering includes man made defences such as sea
walls, a costly wall place on the seaward side away from the base of
the cliffs needing an additional advanced line of protection such as
rocks on their seaward side. Groynes, timber posts and boards which
run out to the sea at right angles to trap sediment drifting along the
coast. Gabions, cages enclosing shingle or small blocks of rocks, and
revetments, defences that are aligned parallel to the shore including
post, pillars or walls of rocks placed on the foreshore. Soft
engineering includes planting trees and grasses in and around the
beach, encouraging sand nourishment by adding more sand, and then most
drastically, a managed retreat which involves moving homes and
farmland.

Some coastlines that would attract lots of human management are those
that are areas of large settlements. When people live in a coastal
area they do not want to have to move their homes and will endeavour
to manage the coastline to protect their land as much as possible.
This can have a terrible affect on coastlines further down the coast
as the flooding will be moved them.

Events such as the North Sea storm surge of January and February 1953,
which were expected to occur only once in 100 years, might become a 50
year, 20 year, or even 10 year event due to global warming and the
melting of the ice caps. This prompted the building of the Thames
Barrier, as the protection for London needed to be greatly improved.
Completed in 1982, it allows for the controlling of water throughout
the Thames River and the gates are raised to form a barrier across the
river during flood and storm alerts. This is one case where management
was needed to protect the people and property of London. If this was
not constructed, areas such as Lambeth, Newham, Southwark and
Westminster would be under regular threat of flooding. Future danger
to people, property and land does not come only from direct sea
flooding. The formation of tsunamis after earthquakes is due to
tectonics. Areas at risk from strong earthquake shocks are well known
such as Japan, which experienced a great tragedy when a tsunami hit in
1993, but earthquake events are impossible to predict.

Some parts of the UK coastline have long attracted people; they have
also attracted human interference. The only reason that coastal
erosion becomes a problem is when human development is involved.
Farmland is seen to be worthless in the eyes of the government, even
though people's livelihoods depend upon it. Farmers on the Holderness
coast receive no compensation for the loss of farmland due to coastal
management further up the coastline. The land is less valuable and the
cost of management cannot be justified. Where the management is being
carried out is in areas of tourism and high population. The areas need
the money from tourism to retain their state of economic wealth so
money from the government is poured into the area. I论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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