英语论文网

留学生硕士论文 英国论文 日语论文 澳洲论文 Turnitin剽窃检测 英语论文发表 留学中国 欧美文学特区 论文寄售中心 论文翻译中心 我要定制

Bussiness ManagementMBAstrategyHuman ResourceMarketingHospitalityE-commerceInternational Tradingproject managementmedia managementLogisticsFinanceAccountingadvertisingLawBusiness LawEducationEconomicsBusiness Reportbusiness planresearch proposal

英语论文题目英语教学英语论文商务英语英语论文格式商务英语翻译广告英语商务英语商务英语教学英语翻译论文英美文学英语语言学文化交流中西方文化差异英语论文范文英语论文开题报告初中英语教学英语论文文献综述英语论文参考文献

ResumeRecommendation LetterMotivation LetterPSapplication letterMBA essayBusiness Letteradmission letter Offer letter

澳大利亚论文英国论文加拿大论文芬兰论文瑞典论文澳洲论文新西兰论文法国论文香港论文挪威论文美国论文泰国论文马来西亚论文台湾论文新加坡论文荷兰论文南非论文西班牙论文爱尔兰论文

小学英语教学初中英语教学英语语法高中英语教学大学英语教学听力口语英语阅读英语词汇学英语素质教育英语教育毕业英语教学法

英语论文开题报告英语毕业论文写作指导英语论文写作笔记handbook英语论文提纲英语论文参考文献英语论文文献综述Research Proposal代写留学论文代写留学作业代写Essay论文英语摘要英语论文任务书英语论文格式专业名词turnitin抄袭检查

temcet听力雅思考试托福考试GMATGRE职称英语理工卫生职称英语综合职称英语职称英语

经贸英语论文题目旅游英语论文题目大学英语论文题目中学英语论文题目小学英语论文题目英语文学论文题目英语教学论文题目英语语言学论文题目委婉语论文题目商务英语论文题目最新英语论文题目英语翻译论文题目英语跨文化论文题目

日本文学日本语言学商务日语日本历史日本经济怎样写日语论文日语论文写作格式日语教学日本社会文化日语开题报告日语论文选题

职称英语理工完形填空历年试题模拟试题补全短文概括大意词汇指导阅读理解例题习题卫生职称英语词汇指导完形填空概括大意历年试题阅读理解补全短文模拟试题例题习题综合职称英语完形填空历年试题模拟试题例题习题词汇指导阅读理解补全短文概括大意

商务英语翻译论文广告英语商务英语商务英语教学

无忧论文网

联系方式

Motivation, Leadership,and Organization:Do American Theories Apply Abroad?

论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-10-04编辑:steelbeezxp点击率:15396

论文字数:8000论文编号:org200910041639288196语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文

关键词:MotivationLeadershipOrganizationAmerican TheoriesAbroad

Motivation, Leadership,and Organization:Do American Theories Apply Abroad?

well-known experiment used in organizational
behavior courses involves showing the
class an ambiguous picture—one that can be
interpreted in two different ways. One such
picture represents either an attractive young
girl or an ugly old woman, depending on the
way you look at it. Some of my colleagues
and I use the experiment, which demonstrates
how different people in the same situation
may perceive quite different things.
We start by asking half of the class to close
their eyes while we show the other half a slightly altered version of the picture—one in
which only the young girl can be seen—for
only five seconds. Then we ask those who
just saw the young girl's picture to close their
eyes while we give the other half of the class
a five-second look at a version in which only
the old woman can be seen. After this
preparation we show the ambiguous picture
to everyone at the same time.
The results are amazing—most of
those "conditioned" by seeing the young girl
first see only the young girl in the ambiguouspicture, and those "conditioned" by seeing
the old woman tend to see only the old
woman. We then ask one of those who perceive
the old woman to explain to one of
those who perceive the young girl what he or
she sees, and vice versa, until everyone
finally sees both images in the picture. Each
group usually finds it very difficult to get its
views across to the other one and sometimes
there's considerable irritation at how
"stupid" the other group is.
CULTURAL CONDITIONING
I use this experiment to introduce a discussion
on cultural conditioning. Basically, it
shows that in five seconds 1 can condition
half a class to see something different from
what the other half sees. If this is so in the
simple classroom situation, how much
stronger should differences in perception of
the same reality be between people who have
been conditioned by different education and
life experience—not for five seconds, but for
twenty, thirty, or forty years?
I define culture as the collective
mental programming of the people in an environment.
Culture is not a characteristic of
individuals; it encompasses a number of
people who were conditioned by the same
education and life experience. When we
speak of the culture of a group, a tribe, a
geographical region, a national minority, or
a nation, culture refers to the collective
mental programming that these people have
in common; the programming that is different
from that of other groups, tribes,
regions, minorities or majorities, or nations.
Culture, in this sense of collective
mental programming, is often difficult to
change; if it changes at all. It does so slowly.
This is so not only because it exists in the
minds of the people but, if it is shared by a
number of people, because it has become
crystallized in the institutions these people
have built together: their family structures,
educational structures, religious organizations,
associations, forms of government,
work organizations, law, literature, settlement
patterns, buildings and even, as I hope
to show, scientific theories. All of these reflect
common beliefs that derive from the
common culture.
Although we are all conditioned by
cultural influences at ma论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

共 1/8 页首页上一页1234567下一页尾页

英国英国 澳大利亚澳大利亚 美国美国 加拿大加拿大 新西兰新西兰 新加坡新加坡 香港香港 日本日本 韩国韩国 法国法国 德国德国 爱尔兰爱尔兰 瑞士瑞士 荷兰荷兰 俄罗斯俄罗斯 西班牙西班牙 马来西亚马来西亚 南非南非