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routing, monitoring, and logging the alerts are also mandatory functionalities, in order to shift the burden of these communications from the manual work to an automated system. To take advantage of the connected Internet environment, we propose an alert management system (AMS) to address the problem of urgent support to E-services. The AMS aims to minimize delays by providing a monitoring system. This paper generalizes and extends our previous work on workflow modeling [6], process integration [4], and contract enforcement [5]. The contributions of this paper are as follows: (i) a conceptual model for specifying alerts based on the requirements of cross-organizational processes and a set of routing parameters; (ii) a practical architecture for the AMS based on contemporary Web Services for B2B interactions, together with multiple-platform support for human users; (iii) an algorithm for Introduction
In healthcare chain workflow management, both process integration and data integration among health service providers are vital. Besides organizations, individual practitioners (such as doctors and nurses), administrators, and patients are also involved heavily in the workflows. Tasks like medication monitoring, emergency hospitalization of patients, laboratory examination results, shipment of drugs, exchange of patient records among healthcare service providers, etc., produce large number of messages. That is, both process integration and data integration are necessary. Timely communication of accurate information is a key success factor for the provision of quality healthcare chain services. We refer to these urgent messages as alerts. Existing practice of using cellular phones and pagers for communications is not adequate for seamless integration with existing and future healthcare information systems.
Recent advances in Internet technologies have created a global platform for organizations and individuals to communicate among one another, carry out various commercial activities, and provide value-added services. Web Services [11][22] provide loosely-coupled standard interfaces among autonomous systems within and among organizations in the form of a set of well-defined functions for both programming and human user interfaces. In particular, Web Services support event-driven information integration for timely service provision and interaction [4]
For end users, the use of Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) and mobile phones for ubiquitous computing are getting popular [1]. Previously mainly just for storing addresses, scheduling and organizing tasks, these devices can now support for Internet accessibility with recent advancement of mobile technologies.. In addition, new mobile “smart devices” featured with different software and hardware capabilities, such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and Short Message Service (SMS)[16], are kept introduced into the market. When these mobile devices are used in a healthcare environment, they are called mobile healthcare computing devices (MHCDs). These MHCDs is becoming part of daily life, thus making ubiquitous computing a possibility for healthcare environments as well. Awareness, accessibility, and responsiveness are the key relationships between clients and organizations in the world of ubiquitous computing [10]. In particular, healthcare applications must response actively and very timely to patients’ needs as this is crucial to life or death. Most healthcare alerts have to be handled wi