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环境库兹涅茨曲线分析 [7]

论文作者:英语论文论文属性:学术文章 Scholarship Essay登出时间:2014-12-05编辑:yangcheng点击率:19237

论文字数:6622论文编号:org201412042326188732语种:英语 English地区:马来西亚价格:免费论文

关键词:兹涅茨曲线分析environmental Kuznets国民核算论文留学生论文

摘要:本文是对毛里求斯的环境库兹涅茨曲线分析的留学生国民核算论文,本文试图通过考察碳排放的情况及其对国内生产总值(GDP)影响来估计毛里求斯的环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC),同时分析通货膨胀率、失业率和人口规模这些变量与GDP和碳排放之间的直接或间接联系。文章考察了毛里求斯在1990 - 2010年期间的经济增长与碳排放之间的关系。

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Per Capita CO2 Emission Estimates for Mauritius graph

 

Figure : Per Capital CO2 Emission Estimate for Mauritius data from Energy data book (2010)

 

From these sets of data it can be clearly seen that while population was increasing (Figure 2), during these years the real GDP (Figure 3) has been fluctuating a bit. In mid 1970’s after the independence there has been a lot of development and transformation in the country. The economy was diversified and more jobs were created. Furthermore, the country received more foreign aids. By the late 1970’s the economy deteriorated a bit mainly due to the increase in petroleum price in the world market and this lead to less government subsidies and devaluation of Mauritian Rupees. Then by late 1980’s, the economy experienced steady growth and also a high level of employment, declining inflation and more domestic savings. This period was also marked by the boom in the sugar industry. Though the development slowed down in the 1990’s there was a gradual development of the local financial institutions and at the same time the domestic information and telecommunication industry boomed. By the start of the 21st century there the financial services sector became a very important pillar of the economy with an increasing number of offshore enterprises. Finally the economy developed a lot due to the seafood processing and export during the last 10 years.

 

Figure : Population Estimates for Mauritius from World Bank

 

Figure : GDP for Mauritius (without inflation) from World Bank

 

In the short term, real GDP is affected by inflation (Figure 4) because the latter causes a rise in general price of goods and services and consequently this causes a change in investments, savings, consumption and import and export of a country and thus the GDP of a country are affected too. The equation used to calculate real GDP is;

 

GDP =consumption by private individuals+ total investment + government spending excluding inflation + [total exports – total imports] (Wikipedia, 2010)

 

Figure : Inflation in Mauritius (01/01/1980 – 09/21/2010) from the Federal Bank of Cleveland

 

GDP also depends on unemployment rate (Figure 5) because according to this equation

 

GDP = compensation of employees + gross missed income + gross operating surplus + taxes less subsidies on production and imports (Wikipedia 2010). Thus if unemployment rate increases in a country, the GDP will decrease.

 

Figure : Unemployment Rate in Mauritius from the index mundi (2010)

 

While trying to prove the relationship between GDP and the CO2 emission of Mauritius, it can also be observed how the GDP affects the CO2 emission in each specific sector of Mauritius. Figure 6 shows how the Energy sector and 论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

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