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hn resembles his father.(4) The coat does not fit me.(5) The auditorium holds 5 ,000 people.然而一些没有迭物名词与介词连用形成一个名词词组 ,相等于一个及物名词时能够有主动式。例 (6) : The babywas looked after by the baby - sitter when its parent were busywith their work.
   (五)代词制约(1)John could see himsel f in the mirror.Wrong :Himsel f could be seen by John.(2)We could hardly see each other in the fog.Wrong :Each other could hardly been seen in the fog.     (六)主动句的品种1.有施事者。例:This violin was made by my father. (这把小提琴是我父亲做的。 ) — — — My father made the violin.2.固然有施事者 ,但变为自动语态能够有两种方式。例:Coal has been replaced by oil . (煤已由酒精所代替。 ) — — —Oil has replaced coal . — — —People in many countries have re2placed coal by oil .3.没有施事者,然而成为自动语态时能够补上施事者。例:The bridge has been completed. (这座桥已完工。 ) — — —Theworkers/ We/ They have completed the bridge.4.谓语名词是主动方式 ,但前面没有必 by联接施事者而是由with/ at 等介词联接。这种名词过来分词用作描述词 ,可被 quite , rather 等润饰 ,能够成为自动语态。相似:John is interested in linguistics. (约翰对于言语学感兴味。 ) — — —Linguistics interests John.而上面两个句子强调后果。如: The h ouse is (already)s old. (房屋卖了。 ) — — —(The agent) already sells the h ouse. — — —(The agent) has already s old the h ouse.又如:The d oor is broken.(门打坏了。 ) — — —S omeone has already broken the d oor.下面两个英语句子固然是主动语态 ,但华语译者里没有 “被” ,能够有其它译者 ,因而英语主动句跟华语没有总是平等 ,特别是一些短语 ,如 be allowed for , be concerned with ,be exposed to ,be obliged.许多英美鸿儒以为英语有过火运用主动语态的景象 ,固然它有没有少益处 ,但显示啰嗦(wordy) 、费解(oracular) 、故弄玄虚(mysterious)而深没有可测(impenetrable) 。D. Senior 曾袭击主动语态时说它是 “hal f the dilatoriness , the passing ofthe bucks ,the shrinking of responsibility ,the lazymindedness ,andthe want of initiative ……” 英语笔者出于各族思忖和需求 ,确实宽泛运用着主动语态 ,特别罕用于上述的高科技作品、报刊作品等。
   二、华语中的主动句
   华语中的主动式多为 “被” 词句 ,古华语中多为 “为 …所” ,常常抒发对于主语来说没有如意或者没有期冀的事 ,如 “被捕” 、 “被杀” 、 “被消除装备” ,然而现正在它的运用范畴有所扩展 ,如 “被选为人大专人” 等。千万 , “被” 还能够它译。
   (一)“被” 词句“被” 词句还可译为 “叫、让、给 …… 了”例1 :他被人打了。(他叫人给打了。 ) / He was beaten(by s omeone) .例2 :食粮被老鼠吃了。(该署食粮让老鼠吃了。 ) / Thegrain has been eaten by mice.例3 :屋宇已被大水冲垮了。(屋宇给大水冲垮了。 ) /Houses have been destroyed by the flood.固然现正在华语中的 “被” 字运用范畴有所扩展 ,如 “被选为人大专人” 等 ,然而他没有只要受意思的制约并且还受到方式上的制约 ,由于必需把施事者说进去 ,即被字前面正常要有表语(受事者) ,这种制约使得许多难以说出施事者的句子没有能成为主动句。英语与华语相比 ,英语的主动句所抒发的意思没有受该类制约 ,它能够抒发没有如意的事 ,也能够抒发如意的事 ,还能够抒发中性的意思。
(二)受、遭、挨、由例1 :他遭到/失去赞扬。(He is praised. )例2 :某个地域正在 1998 年蒙受台风的攻击。(This areawas struck by a hurricane in 1998. )
   (三)“加以、得以” ,强调谓语名词例1 :这种情况必需加以改观。(This situation must bechanged. )例2 :该署成绩正在教师的协助下得以处理。(These prob2lems were s olved with the teacher’ s help. )    (四)“是…… 的” ,强调施事者例1 :这该书是谁写的? 是鲁迅写的。(By wh om was theb ook written ? I t was written by Lu Xun. )例2 :这辆车是去岁买的。(The car was b ought las t year. )
(五)无主句讲华语的人习习用自动语态 ,然而正在消息性散体中为了显现其主观、偏心或者施事人无须说出或者没法说出等往往以无主句的方式涌现 ,这种句本<