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摘要：The thesis deals with diachronic variation of American English by analyzing its synchronic variation.The features of American English,the processes and reasons of its formation are analyzed associating with its historical,social and cultural context.

基于社会语言学视角剖析美语变体
Chapter I Introduction
Traditionally, descriptive linguistic study focuses on the solution to the problem of internal structure and regular pattern of language itself includingphoneme, morpheme, lexeme, syntax. Undoubtedly, the study is essential and important, and it will be continuously important to linguistics. Nevertheless, the researches ignore why there is change in language, when and under what circumstance certain changes exist. Since 1607, English spoken in Britain and in America has been changing towards two directions, and the differences between them have been prominent in many aspects. If the changes are caused by its internal structure only, it is hard to explain why the two varieties appear in different ways today, as the same language with identical elements. Conclusively, there arise two questions: the first one is whether the change is all caused by internal factors; the second is that whether there is any external factors which cause the change.
Psycholinguist A.Meillet points out in his Historical Linguistics and General Linguistics that language change is the result of social change. The relationship between them is obvious. However, sometimes the cause and effect are direct while under most circumstances they are indirect. One can not observe that a certain change of a word or meaning resulting directly from a social revolution because social revolution or reformation only supplies language with condition and motivity of change. Their relationship is subtle and complex. Therefore, social factors should not be considered as motivity only when the declining of a class in a community results in the vanishing of grammatical items or a radical revolution brings a new way of speech.
In 1960's, sociolinguistics, a new linguistic branch, prospered in the west. Its core research is language variation. The purpose is to describe the covariance of language and social structure. Language and society are two variables influencing each other to cause mutual change. If the society has any gradual or sudden changes, language一as a social phenomenon as well as communicating tool一will certainly change accordingly. Therefore, the motivity of language development should be sought in social change, besides, the speed, direction and results of language variation are influenced by social factors in the process. In a word, these social factors provide vehicles for language development, and languages change according to its own internal structure under being pushed.

Bibliography
1. Albert, C. Baugh & Cable, Thomas, 1978, a History of the English Language（Third Edition） , https://www.51lunwen.org/sampleenglishpaper/ Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.

Chapter Ⅰ Introduction 10-13
Chapter Ⅱ Variety of Language and Society 13-21
    2.1 Definition: variable, variant and variety 13-15
    2.2 Contemporary theories of language variation 15-17
        2.2.1 Tree model and wave model 15-16
        2.2.2 Theories of London School 16-17
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