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　　1.1 Domestic researches of China English中国英语在国内研究
　　1980年左右提出的“中国英语”术语最初由葛传，在这之后，许多语言学家，如汪榕培（1991），李文忠（1993），：靳挥慷（2004）和胡小丽（2008）探讨了中国英语更深入地不同的角度和主题。The term of "China English" was proposed initially by Ge Chuangui around 1980, afterwhich, many linguists, such as Wang Rongpei (1991), Li Wenzhong (1993), Jin Huikang (2004)and Hu Xiaoli (2008) explored China English more deeply various perspectives andsubjects. In general, the existence of China English has been approved by most scholars,whereas they hold different views on the issues of China English’s nature, the characteristics ofEnglish used by Chinese, whether China English is a variety, and the related theories andpractical problems. The study of China English in mainland China could be divided threestages. The 1ststage (1965-1991)This is a stage when the concept of China English was put forward. During this period,CE had not been defined and was treated as English learners’ habitual errors.https://www.51lunwen.org/languagethesis/ The previousPidgin English spoken by Chinese was nicknamed as Chinese English or Chinglish.In 1980, Ge Chuangui published the article “On some Problems in Han-EnglishTranslation” (漫谈由汉译英问题) in Translators’ Notes, in which he put forward that “ everycountry has their respective condition. As for China, no matter before 1949 or in modern society,there are always some things with Chinese characteristics to express in spoken or writtenEnglish. ” Then in the article, he listed some typical examples: Four Books( 四书), FiveClassics (五经), eight-legged essay( 八股文), imperial competitive examination (科举)，xiucai( 秀才 ), May Fourth Movement ( 五四运动 ), baihua wen( 白话文 ), ideologicalremolding(思想改造), Two Hundreds policy(双百方针) and four modernizations (四个现代化).Ge Chuangui concluded that all of these English translations are China English rather thanChinese English or Chinglish, thus he firstly raised the concept of “China English” but not gavelinguists’ attentions as a focal point of the contradiction, the approaches to it always come alongwith controversy and dispute. During this period, about 70 academic papers on CE werepublished. Until 2006, 34 of the documents published in this period had been quoted for 616times, which makes up about 65.7 percent of all the studies of CE. (Han Ling, 2007).In the early years (1992-1997), the definition of China English became the focus. In thearticle "China English and Chinglish" (中国英语和中式英语)(1993), Li Wenzhong put forwardsuggestions to amend the three characteristics of CE raised by Wang Rongpei. He denied that CEis only used in China and there is “standard English”, and defined CE by comparing it withChinglish. According to Li, CE takes the normative English as the core and expresses thespecific matters in Chinese society and cultures; it is used in English communications as anational variety the same as American English or Indian English. By contrast, Chinglish refers tothe freakish English appears in English communications and not accords with normative Englishor English cultural habits for the reason that English learners and users in China have beeninterfered and influenced by mother tongue and thus applied mechanically Chinese rules andhabits.Li Wenzhong redefined CE and proposed that the study should exp本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。