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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-08-22编辑:lgg点击率:4507
论文字数:36200论文编号:org201408171015083762语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
关键词:莎士比亚shakespeare四大悲剧语言人物塑造英语语言
摘要:本文是英语语言学论文,Over the last four hundred years, literary criticism on Shakespeare’s works hasbeen repeatedly made. Generally speaking, literary criticism on Shakespeare’s workscan be divided into five periods.
Chapter One Schemes and the Creation of Characters
1.1 The Concept of Schemes
According to Leech, there are two most important means of making languageforegrounded. He calls them schemes and tropes. Schemes refers to “foregroundedrepetitions of expression” (Leech, 1969:74). By expression, Leech means that itincludes “phonology and surface grammatical structure” (Leech, 1969: 73). Tropesrefers to “foregrounded irregularities of content” (Leech, 1969: 74). By content,Leech means that it “includes semantics and deep grammatical structure” (Leech,1969: 73-74). Expression and content overlap in the lexicon. Compared with freerepetition that serves as a relatively limited means of making language foregrounded,Parallelism is a more important means in this regard. In a parallelism, some featuresof language remain invariant, while others are variant. Parallelism can occur atdifferent levels of language. On the phonological level, the specific sound is repeatedin some specific position. For instance, in Shelley’s phrase “O Wild West Wind” fromOde to the West Wind, the sound /w/appears at the every stressed position. Alliterationis based on this phonological parallelism. On the level of grammar, the identicalgrammatical structure is repeated. For example, in Samuel Johnson’s lines “Drydenoften surpasses expectation, and Pope never falls below it. Dryden is read withfrequent astonishment, and Pope with perpetual delight.” from The Life of Pope, thecomparison of Dryden and Pope, two of the most important poets in English literatureare so ideally arranged.
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1.2 Free Verbal Repetition and the Creation of Characters
By free verbal repetition, Leech means “the exact copying of some previouspart of a text (whether word, phrase, or even sentence)…” (Leech, 1969: 77). Freeverbal repetition can be realized by epizeuxis and ploce. Epizeuxis refers toimmediate repetition as Emilia expresses her intense loathing for Iago, her husband,when he is proven guilty in her mistress death: “Villany! villany! villany!” (Othello5.2.223). Ploce means intermittent repetition as Hamlet speaks “to a nunnery”(Hamlet 3.1. 134, 142, 149, 151-152, 160-161) five times in an intermittent way in hisconversation with Ophelia with the aim of warning her not to be used as an easy toolby her father. Generally speaking, both epizeuxis and ploce reveal the extremeemotional excitation the very character is in during a particular period of time. It isnot necessary to remember these two exotic terms. What is important is that we aresupposed to know what specific function free verbal repetition performs in thecreation of characters. The four great tragedies abound in free verbal repetition and itserves as a great boon in the creation of characters.
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Chapter Three Other Deviations and the Creation of Characters.......74
3.1 Register Deviation and the Creation of Characters ....74
3.1.1 The Concept of Register.........74
3.1.2 Register Deviation and the Creation of Characters in Hamlet ......75
3.1.3 Register Deviation and the Creation of Characters in Othello ......82
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