基于标记理论的中国英语学习者否定表达研究 [3]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2016-08-20编辑:lgg点击率:5704
论文字数:37293论文编号:org201608161623029926语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
关键词:英语语言学论文标记理论语料库英语学习者
摘要:本文是英语语言学论文,本研究在分析大型语料库的基础上探讨中国英语学习者英语写作中的否定表达情况,数据来源于 WECCL(中国学生英语笔语语料库)以及 LOCNESS (The Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays),后者作为参照语料库。
in Semantics and comprehension distinguishes asserted meaning from non-asserted meaning in negation, which he later labels as explicit and implicit negation respectively. Explicit negation conveys the asserted meaning. However, it is noteworthy that explicit negation does not entail that its members should all be overt morphologically. Expressions in English like seldom, little, few, hardly, together with those more overt forms like none, nobody, never, no, not etc. are under the umbrella of explicit negation. On the other hand, negative meaning conveyed by implicit negation can not be easily identified from its surface. The range of implicit negation covers verbs like fail, miss, exclude, nouns like absence, ignorance, phrases like free from, short of etc .
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2.2 Previous Studies on Negation Abroad
In the domain of modern linguistic philosophy, logical semantic school led by Russell conducts studies on the meaning of negation chiefly from two perspectives: truth value and ontology. The existing world is composed of various things of different nature and relation, thus Russell holds that possessing certain property or relating in one way or another with other things amounts to expressing facts. However, the thing itself can not be referred to as fact. (Russell, 1940) Things possessing certain property are termed positive facts, for example, Socrates loves Plato; while those that bear no property are negative facts, Napoleon does not love Wellington, for instance. Russell was inclined to believe the existence of negative facts. For him, the reason why many people are reluctant to admit the existence of negative facts is that they believe in the exclusive existence of positive facts, and they believe negative statements can always be expressed via positive facts. In order to differentiate negative facts from positive ones, Russell justifies the presence of negative truths by providing five evidences: (1) Whether certain property is intrinsically or extrinsically possessed; positive facts and their negative counterparts coexist and one positive fact can have more than one corresponding negative forms. For instance, the positive fact ―Today is Tuesday‖ can be negated by several ways, like ―Today is not Monday‖, ―Today is not Wednesday‖, etc. (2) The absence of a positive fact per se is a negative fact. A loves B is a true fact; if A does not love B, there is no combined fact composed by A, B and Love, which entails that there does not exist t
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