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since 2004. It confirms the core status of the translator, and all elements relating to the three main translation elements—source text, target text and the translator, should be evaluated as a whole within the realm of translational eco-environment.  Nida  (2000:7)  said  that  “A  translator  must  engage  in  thousands  of  decisions involving both  selection and arrangement to  fit  another culture, a different  language, diverse editors and publishers, and finally a reading audience”.  “Adaptation  and  selection  are  the  basic  mechanisms  of  regulating  people’s behavior” (Lopreato & Crippen 1990:85). The socialists, Lopreato and Crippen said that “What Darwin did was to build bridges between the science of nature in its more remote  phases  and  the  science  of  nature  in  its  more  immediate  human  aspects. Movement in this direction is already quite notable, although large pockets of resistance are only too evident in social science”  （ibid）.   In Pragmatics as a Theory of Linguistic Adaptation, Verchueren (1987) pointed out that the linguistic adaptation means language’s adaptation to environment or vice versa or their reciprocal adaptation. Proper and successful communication is not only the process of adaptation but also the result of adaptation. Verbal communication is in the fact of the constant adaptation. 
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Chapter Three Theoretical Framework .......... 22 
3.1 An Overview of Translation as Adaptation and Selection ........... 22
3.2 Translational Eco-environment ........... 24 
3.3 Adaptive Transformation in Three Dimensions ...... 26 
3.4 Evaluation Criteria .......... 27 
3.4.1 Degree of Multi-dimensional Transformation ......... 28 
3.4.2 Translator’s Quality ......... 28 
3.5 Summary ..... 29 
Chapter Four A Contrastive Study on Translations of HLM Character Names ...... 31
4.1 Multi-dimensional Transformation in Four Categories ..... 31
4.2 Summary ..... 40 
Chapter Five A Contrastive Analysis of Translations ......... 43 
5.1 Translational Eco-environment ........... 43 
5.2 Multi-dimensional Transformation ..... 46 
5.3 Translators’ quality .......... 50 

Chapter Five A Contrastive Analysis of Translations of HLM Character Names in TAS  

Among all translation versions of HLM, Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang, David Hawkes &  John  Minford,  and  H.  Bencraft  Joly  share  few  common  of  backgrounds  which ultimately  resulted  in  the  different  styles  for  translating  character  names.  Translators are the center of translation activity, and the translation process is the adaptation of a translator  to  the  source  text  and  the  selection  to  the  target  text.  Therefore,  the translational  eco-environment  including  two  parts:  source  text  centered  translational eco-environment and translator-centered translational eco-environment. The  source 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。