摘要:本文是英语语言学论文,笔者认为人们对禁酒运动并不是因为它是一个重大的历史事件的关注,而且还因为它是当时一个严重的社会问题。在中国,对禁酒运动是为了本身的课题的进一步深入研究,或相关的各种问题在社会转型的现阶段,或吸取教训,应该是很有意义的。
Introduction
A. A Brief Account of the Prohibition Movement
The American prohibition movement in the 1920s, led by evangelical Protestantsand social Progressives, along with other organizations--the Anti-Saloon League, andthe woman’s Christian Temperance Union, was a nationwide movement that tried toprohibit the manufacturing, transporting, and selling of alcoholic beverages during the1920s to the 1930s. It came into effect under the Volstead Act, and ended with thepassage of the Twentieth-first Amendment, which repealed the EighteenthAmendment.During the period of 1890s to the 1920s, child abuse, alcoholism, drugabuse, and wife beating and a variety of other severe social problems prompted theradicals to try to cure the illness and turn back to the traditional tranquil society, andresulted in many rural yeomen and middle-classes engaged in prohibition movement.Although prohibition was regarded as a failure, it succeeded in cutting overall alcoholconsumption in half during the 1920s, and the liquor consumption remained belowpre-prohibition levels until the 1940s, suggesting that Prohibition did socialize asignificant proportion of the population in drinking habits, at least temporarily (Jack23).The prohibition movement spanned three different periods with each having itsown features: the colonial period, the post-Independent War era, and the period fromthe Civil War to the 1920s.
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B. Significance and Literature Review of the Research
Today, much attention has been paid to the temperance movement not justbecause it is a significant historical event, but also because it is a severe socialproblem at that time. In China, further study of the temperance movement either forthe sake of the topic itself, or for all kinds of relevant problems during the currentstage of social transformation, or drawing lessons from it, should be very meaningful.But the research is relatively weak China, even today, there is not a monograph aboutit, only a handful of relevant academic papers are available. What’s more, notranslated works about the temperance have been introduced yet. And studies about itjust can be seen in some historical, cultural, and religious books written by Americans.Hence, for Chinese scholars, to further the study in the area is an undeniableresponsibility.The earliest writings about the temperance was in the Oriental Magazine duringthe early 20thcentury.. Tao Peigen’s article, “Temperance movement in American
history”, a very early work about the prohibition movement, illustrated the causes,process, characteristics and consequences of the temperance movement in detail,which is an overall introduction about the prohibition movement. Gao Guo’s “Themodern drinking customs and temperance movement of United States” and WangHuiying’s “Big storm in the small cup--the temperance movement theory”, along with“An Analysis of the reasons of failure of the temperance movement from the 19thcentury to 20th century”, all explored the reasons why the prohibition movementfailed. Apart from that, Wang Huiying discussed the sources, development, evolution,and the characteristics of the prohibition movement in each period. While He Junthought that it is the prohibition movement itself that contributed to the failure, payingno attention to the social changes and the anti-prohibition organizations. Some otherscholars perceived that the failure of the prohibition movement was due to itsviolation
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