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es and exeritives and advising is one of the exeritives. Searle (1969)gives one typical definition, namely, advice is a directive towards an action and theadvice giver considers profitable to the advice receiver. In addition, Searle (1969) putsforward four fecilicity conditions for advising, including the propositional contentcondition, the preparation condition, the sincerity condition, and the essential condition.The propositional content condition of advising is that it is to predicate a future action ofthe hearer. And the preparation condition is that the advice giver has some reason tobelieve the future action will benefit the hearer and it is not obvious to the speaker andhearer that the hearer will do the future action in the normal course of the event. Thesincerity condition of advising is that the speaker believes the future action will benefitthe hearer. And the essential condition of advising is that it counts as an undertaking tothe effect that the action is in hearer’s best interest. Based on Searle, Janet Banerjee andPatricia L.Carrell (1988) give a definition that advice is utterances through which thespeaker intends the hearer to perceive as a directive to do something that will be to thehearer’s benefit.
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2.2 Previous Studies on Journey to the West
Journey to the West is one of the most famous classical novels in China written byWu Cheng' en. It is a romantic fantasy novel about how Tang Monk and his threeapprentices reach the West and attain the Buddhism sutra, which has been translated intoEnglish, Japanese, Russian, French, German, Italian, sign language, Czech, Korean andso on. It becomes famous not only because of its attractive plots but also because of thecharacters and their interesting language. Most scholars pay their attention to this workfrom three aspects, namely, religion perspective and cultural perspective, linguisticperspective. In this section, a clear review of studies on Journey to the West will beelaborated from these three perspectives.Buddhism is one of the world’s three major religions. From the religion perspective,scholars tend to find out the relationship between Buddhism and Journey to the West.Taking Yang (2008) as an example, he elaborates on the relationship between Buddhismand Journey to the West and points out that to discover the meaning and philosophy oflife, the mysteries of the universe, and the mutual restriction between heaven, the earth,and human is the purpose.
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Chapter Three Theoretical Framework ....11
3.1 SpeechAct Theory.......11
3.1.1 Philosophical Origin....11
3.1.2Advocacy and Development......... 12
3.2Adaptation Theory ...... 13
3.3 Framework forAnalyzingAdvice-giving SpeechAct...... 15
3.4 Summary............ 18
Chapter Four Analysis ofAdvice in Journey to the West............ 20
4.1 Classifications ofAdvice..... 20
4.2 General Features ofAdvice in Journey to the West.......... 2
4.3 Strategies ofAdvising in Journey to the West.......... 29
4.4Adaptability ofAdvice in Journey to the West......... 35
Chapter Five Conclusion....... 44
5.1 Research Findings....... 44
5.2 Limitations and Suggestions......... 45

Chapter FourAnalysis ofAdvice in Journey to the West

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