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经摆脱了Kuleznik了吗？

(3) B: Did they get rid of Kuleznik yet?
A: No in fact I know somebody who has her now.
       “I” in example (2), a given referent in the speech context, serves as an anchor to ground the new head NP, this man. Also, her in example (4) serves the function of linking the current utterance to the preceding discourse. The given object her in the relative clause serves as the bridge and thus ground the head NP. From examples (1), (2), and (3), it is clear that English Restrictive Relative Clauses can be used to ground their head NPs.

      Fox and Thompson (1990) further distinguish the types of grounding. They propose three central kinds of grounding to elaborate on how relative clauses make their head NPs a relevant part in the whole discourse. The first is what Prince (1981:236) has called anchoring: “a discourse entity is anchored if the NP representing it is linked, by means of another NP, or “Anchor”, properly contained in it, to some other discourse entity”. She gives an example to illustrate this type of anchoring.

我有个同事说他认识你的妹妹。

(4) A guy I work with says he knows your sister. (Prince, 1981:233)
        In (4), I, a given referent in the speech context, in the relative clause serves as an anchor to link the new discourse entity a guy. It thus makes the head NP relevant to the whole discourse.
        The second kind of grounding is proposition-linking, whereby a new referent is linked by virtue of the schema or frame evoked in the previous discourse. Consider text (5).
(5) The mother’s sister is a real bigot. Y’know and she hates anyone who isn’t a Catholic. (Fox and Thompson, 1990:301)
        In this example, the entire NP anyone who isn’t a Catholic is grounded by its association to the previous proposition characterizing ‘mother’s sister as a bigot’. Therefore, the information stated in the RRC serves proposition-linking grounding function.
        The third kind of grounding is done by main clauses instead of relative clauses. According to Fox and Thompson, relative clauses of this kind provide no grounding; that is, it does not relate a head NP to any given referent in the relative clause. Instead, the new referent is grounded by the given entity in the main clause instead of being made relevant by a given NP in the relative clause. In such a case, the RRC is used to provide new information for the new head NP, as shown in (6).
(6) he’s got a spring that comes, way up. (Fox and Thompson, 1990:301)
         In example (6), the new referent a spring is grounded by the subject of the main clause he instead of the given referent in the RRC. The RRC in this example is not used to ground its head NP, but simply used to provide new information for its head NP.

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