Simultaneous Listening and Speaking
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-13编辑:黄丽樱点击率:14667
论文字数:6016论文编号:org200904131928074895语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:ListeningSpeakingSLTLSI
1. INTRODUCTION
Concurrent listening to source language (SL) and speaking of target language (TL) by interpreters engaging in simultaneous interpretation (SI) constitute one of the most complex cognitive processes a human being can exhibit. As was pointed out by Moser (1997), this is an important challenge for researchers in this field, since an in-depth study of this unique phenomenon will reveal some of the secrets of SI.
The particular importance of this is that these phenomena are observable to outside researchers and can be easily quantified for study purposes. Of course, the fact that listening and speaking processes are observable does not necessarily mean that these two processes are the only ones taking place simultaneously in SI. No one knows exactly what is going on in the interpreter's cognitive process during SI, and it would be erroneous to assume that no information processing is occurring even during the very short moments when both interpreter and speaker remain silent. Rather, it would be reasonable to imagine that some processes that cannot be externally observed are underway. These unobservable cognitive processes might include conversion from SL to TL, storing, note-taking (Gile 1997), receiving signals through visual channels (Bühler 1985) and reading a terminology list or the interpreter's own
notes, among other things.
One could argue that multi-processing is not a rare phenomenon and that it also happens in daily life. During everyday small talk, of course, people anticipate what others will say next and form their own answer in advance. People can also read newspapers while talking on the phone. But speaking and listening at the same time is very rare in daily life (Gerver 1976). Nor can the depth of the concurrent cognitive processing involved in SI be compared to that in daily life, since time constraints and the magnitude of the task are totally different. Besides, concurrent jobs found in everyday life also exhibit their own limits. For example, the high traffic accident rate of drivers using cellular phones while driving clearly demonstrates that cognitive limit exists in one's processing capacity.
Since Korean is not an international language, Korean natives interpret both L2 (English) into L1 (Korean), and L1 into L2. In the former case, understanding English is key for quality SI since comprehension of source language is the most important stage in SI from L2 into L1 (Weller 1991). Korean interpreters' capacity for listening must be limited due to reduced memory capacity for L2 compared to L1, weaker vocabulary and rules stored in long term memory.
In most cases, the performance of English and Korean SI is judged by the quality of the Korean output since English into Korean SI takes up the most time. Therefore, choosing elegant Korean equivalents rather than just conveying the meaning in the TL is very important. Thus, the following argument for interpreting from L2 into L1 quoted in Weller (1991) does not always apply to English into Korean SI .
The basic argument in favor of working only into one's native language is that the interpreter spends little time on the production phase of interpretation since he is more fluent in the native tongue and instinctively selects the correct word choice, grammatical construction and pronunciation. (Weller 1991: 391)
The problem here is that "concrete words are translated more quickly (and more accurately) than abstract words, and high-frequency words are t
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