如何写翻译学专业留学生作业?英语论文网为您提供作业辅导服务
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2014-08-06编辑:yangcheng点击率:9083
论文字数:4555论文编号:org201408011136159808语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:文化因素翻译影响文化影响精神文明物质文明
摘要:文化是什么?广义上讲,文化是物质财富和精神财富的总和,在人类社会的历史实践过程,包括文学、艺术、宗教、哲学等社会科学的结果和各种自然科学,集中反映了人类的物质文明和精神文明。在狭义上,文化是社会的意识形态以及相应的系统和组织结构,包括生活方式、价值观和思维方式等文化民俗,通过民族形式的发展,形成民族的传统。人类的言行,每一个动作都自觉不自觉地反映了一定的文化。
文化是什么?广义上讲,文化是物质财富和精神财富的总和,在人类社会的历史实践过程,包括文学、艺术、宗教、哲学等社会科学的结果和各种自然科学,集中反映了人类的物质文明和精神文明。在狭义上,文化是社会的意识形态以及相应的系统和组织结构,包括生活方式、价值观和思维方式等文化民俗,通过民族形式的发展,形成民族的传统。人类的言行,每一个动作都自觉不自觉地反映了一定的文化。
语言是交流的工具,但翻译是一种语言交际活动。它包括两种不同语言之间的翻译和同一种语言内的翻译。翻译理论家彼得·纽马克说:“翻译就是以一种文化下的文字翻译成另一种文化下的文字。“美国翻译理论家EugeneA尼达将翻译定义为“翻译就是在译入语中最切近而又自然的对等源语言信息,首先要关注的是意义,其次就是翻译风格。”
I. Introduction
What is culture? In a broad sense, culture is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth which created in the historical practice of the process of human society, including literature, art, religion, and philosophy etc. the results of social sciences and a variety of natural science, focus reflects mankind’s spiritual civilization and material civilization. In a narrow sense, culture is the ideology of the society and correspondingly systems and organizational structures, including lifestyle, values and way of thinking etc. culture has folk, through national forms of development, forms national traditions. Mankind’s words and deeds, every movement all consciously or unconsciously reflect a degree of culture.
Language is a tool for communication but translation is a kind of language communication activity. It includes the translation between two different languages and translation within the same language. Translation Theorist Peter Newmark said:‘‘It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.’’ American Translation Theorist EugeneA.Nida defined translation as‘‘Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message,first in terms of meaning,and second in terms of style. ’’
Chinese and Western cultures have their common ground such as be polite to people, elders to younger、superior to subordinate can use imperative;and conversely can not be blunt,we should use more polite form of language. At the same time,because Chinese and Western cultures producing conditions are different inevitably there are differences. For example,according to Chinese traditional cultures,the younger generation can not address elders’ names,but in Western cultures it is different,not only the younger generation can address elders’ names but also can take the same names with elders’. Difficulties which often encountered in the actual translation is not the language itself,but the cultural factors which involved in Chinese and English. Visibly,in order to be an excellent translator,in addition to proficient corresponding form of language,but also study hard the language corresponding the cultural knowledge.
II. Cultural factors affecting the translation
2.1 Differences of culture connotation to the influence of translation
The reason translation is difficult because language reflects culture,carries a rich cultural connotation,and constrained by culture. Once language enters communication,there is the understanding and expression of the cultural connotation. It requires translator not only have bilingual abilities but also have bicultural and even multicultural knowledge,especially the two languages’ national psychology consciousness、the process of cultural formation、historical customs and traditions、religious culture,as well as geographical landscape characteristics a series of interdependent variable factors have a certain understandi
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