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语言学与语义学与社会 [3]

论文作者:英语论文网论文属性:学期论文 termpaper登出时间:2015-07-21编辑:wangjinjin点击率:13275

论文字数:4573论文编号:org201507191034254072语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文

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摘要:本文主要讲述语言,语音学与语义学在社会中所起的作用,语言在人类生活中扮演着非常重要的角色,是人与人之间相互交流的工具。

. The best example of this kind is Poetry and literature . In fact, this function evoke certain feelings and express feelings. Examples of this kind are, I am very happy or I spent a wonderful vacation. We can see from the previous examples that they reflex the feelings of the speaker or the writer.


'The third function of language is the directive function whereby we aim to influence the behavior or attitudes of others. The most straightforward instances of the directive function are commands and requests. This function of social control places emphasis on the receiver's end, rather than the originator's end of the message: but it resembles the expressive function in giving less importance, on the whole, to conceptual meaning than to other types of meaning, particularly affective and connotative meaning' Geoffery Leech( 1974 ).


Examples of this kind are, I want a cup of tea or close the door. It is clear hear that, we use the language in a direct way. We ask someone to do something. Some times we can use a sentence to express two functions. For example, I am thirsty. The previous example could be used to show the condition of the speaker or writer or to express the feeling. In a way that a person asks someone to give him water.


The fourth function is the aesthetic function, which is ' the use of language for the sake of the linguistic artifact itself, and for no purpose. This aesthetic function can have at least as much to do with conceptual as with affective meaning' Geoffery Leech( 1974 ).


' The function associated with the message-the vehicle-is the poetic or aesthetic function: the sign taken as an end in itself. All art understood as art is taken to embody this function, and any object valued for its beauty rather than for its ideological value or usefulness-whether a gorgeous car, an elegant teapot, or some acreage of untouched real estate-takes on this function'. Jakobson, R. (1933).


According to Leech, the fifth function is the phatic function. ' the function of keeping communication lines open, and keeping social relationships in good repair ( in Britain culture, talking about the weather is a well-known example of this)'. Geoffery Leech( 1974 ). We can say about this function that it is used for normal talks. An example of this, when two people meet each other accidently in a place. They start talking about something unimportant for the sake of communication like, how are you? How is your children? And so on. We can say that it is a kind of daily talking. It is not meaning but is good.


Language functions according to H. Douglas Brown


Actually, many authors have classified functions of language. We are going to take the functions of language from the point of H. Douglas Brown .


H. Douglas Brown has classified function of language into seven types. 'This classification is not much different from that of Leech. The functional approach to describing language is one that has its roots in the traditions of British linguists J,R Firth, who reviewed language as interactive and interpersonal, away of behaving and making others behave' Berns, ( 1984).


These functions according to H. Douglas Brown are :

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