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I. Introduction of Jane Eyre
 
Looking through the English literature history, it is difficult for readers to neglect one name: Charlotte Bronte. This female writer with a short figure and a plain look engraves her name deservingly in the front page of the English literature history in nineteenth century for her excellent novel Jane Eyre. The nineteenth century is the heyday of the literature and art in Europe. The prosperity of the literature is represented in the booming of the novel creation. Numbers of excellent writers emerge, especially such female writers as Bronte Sisters and Jane Austen who enter the study room from the kitchen and carry on the literary production actively. Somebody even acclaimed that the novels written in nineteenth century were the novels writtened by women for themselves. In this era, another characteristic of European literature is the deepening and strengthening of writing method of realism. Although Jane Eyre is believed to have strong romanticism color, it has already been considered as a novel depicting the real life. The writer——Charlotte Bronte, through the description of the loneliness, resistance and struggling of the poor bourgeoisie, exposes profoundly the social reality in Britain at that time, places the sincere sympathy to the common people’s fate, and it is a successful work to reflect the living situation and mental outlook of the oppressed women at that time. Up until now, when everybody look through the English literature history, it is difficult to find a writer like Jane Eyre, who has a pitiful life experience and is brave to vindicate her human dignity. And the female writer Charlotte Bronte is classified by Marx into “a splendid school” headed by Charles Dickens and William M. Thackeray because of the novel Jane Eyre, and she also obtains the highly approval.
 
This paper is necessarily limited, and far more to be mentioned but this is unsurprising given the almost persistent centring of the novel’s imagery on the elements and their opposition to each other. But it is hopefully clear that Bronte employs the fire and ice imagery in order to present character, and to impress upon us the need of Jane to find the balance point between the extremes. Jane has nothing beyond her character; thus she must preserve her sense of self. In encountering the extremes of fire and ice, she learns to unify the opposing elements in her life, and can arrive at the comfortable existence she experiences at Ferndean. The warmth of the domestic hearth is the final use of fire at the end (Jane meets Rochester leaning over “a neglected handful of fire”). Bronte also uses fire-images in depicting Rochester, and in this readers see how Rochester learns his responsibilities. So ice and fire images are not employed solely for the melodramatic effects of pathetic fallacy, but for Bronte’s relentless pursuit of the importance of preserving the self and the spirit.
 
Since the novel, Jane Eyre, has been published, it has received the widespread welcome and attention. Many scholars have carried out the commentary and the research in various aspects for it. In China, Jane Eyre has also been the focus in the research of British literature. In the following, this paper will analyze the functions which the “fire” and “ice” have had in depicting the characters, deepening the theme, foiling the atmosphere and representing the moral meaning.
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