摘要:本文是英语论文网留学生论文指导范文。19世纪后期以来,美国已成为一个强大的国家,而在同一时间的美国文化中也越来越多地显示一些特质,特别是,突出强调个人主义,这是时代的典型,也是日益成熟的美国文化的风向标。这篇论文以《白鲸》和《老人与海》 这两个经典的美国文学的个人主义为切入点,揭示了美国的个人主义精神和在不同时期的不同解释。此外,文章还介绍了道德的概念,尝试分析个人主义精神对道德观念的影响。
asy. From these definitions we can see individualism is individuality, novelty and originality.
Individualism is a philosophical view of the West, as well as a principle of the western society’s code of conduct
guidelines. It is also the core of American culture. Individualists believe that individuals are the starting points and the basis of human society. People must struggle for their own interests so as to maintain social justice for themselves and only through loving oneself can one love others and society. Fighting for one equals to fighting for others and society. The existence of society is based on the existence of individuals. Individuals are more important than society so that everyone should present their own personalities. The more one shows his personality, the more one can realize his value of life. Individualists worship personal efforts, and they are especially proud of the achievement of individuals; they never hide their confidence and sense of honor. Individual freedom is high values. Unwilling to be restrained, everyone respects himself, forbidding others violating his own rights. At the same time, they also respect others adequately.
2.3 Individualism Reflected in the American Literature
Since late 19 centuries, the United States gradually became to be a powerful country, and at the same time, the increasingly mature American literature began to show some special qualities of this culture. One important characteristic of the American spirit reflected in American classic literature at that time was the American individualism. “Individualism” expresses the popular social ideal of the 19th century and early 20th century in the United States, which had a profound influence on the society. In a certain sense, we can say that the spirit reflected in the American literature is actually individualism.
2.3.1 Individualism Reflected in “Moby Dick”
Ahab finally failed, his ship, all the sailors and he himself died in the sea without exception. Many of the other sailors on the ship didn't know about their captain's plan. Ishmael was a young sailor and this was his first whaling job. He and his new friend, Quietude, sailed with Captain Ahab on this exciting and dangerous trip. Also on the ship were Starbuck, Scrub, and other whalers from different countries(DiUingham,William B.,1986). He was prepared to sacrifice everything, including his life, the lives of his crew members, and even his ship to find and destroy his nemesis. However, His failure has no such kind of dignity as in “The Old Man and the Sea”. His tragedies stemmed largely from the extreme self-expansion.
His soul was too independent to be saved. This is a near-suicidal self-centered model, being distinct from San Diego’s true individualism. This name symbolizes maliciousness and revenge. He violated the Christian commandments related to “arrogance”, and he is self-centered in everything he did. He threatened sailors, abandoned hoe mission of catching whales for whale oil, and ignored the interests of the ship owners. Being obstinate in his own revenge and regardless of all the sailors’ life, he did things in his own will and finally died in the sea with almost all the sailors. However, from another perspective, he is the biggest rebel in the novel; he is not superstitious, disrespectful to God, having “Play against in the face of the will of God” of heroism as God. He
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