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19世纪后期以来，美国已成为一个强大的国家，而在同一时间的美国文化中也越来越多地显示一些特质，特别是，突出强调个人主义，这是时代的典型，也是日益成熟的美国文化的风向标。这篇论文以《白鲸》和《老人与海》 这两个经典的美国文学的个人主义为切入点，揭示了美国的个人主义精神和在不同时期的不同解释。此外，文章还介绍了道德的概念，尝试分析个人主义精神对道德观念的影响。

本文共包括以下五部分：第一部分简单介绍了《白鲸》和《老人与海》 这两部经典美国文学作品的主要内容和个人主义的定义。第二部分详细回顾了个人主义在美国各历史阶段的形成与发展，以及个人主义在上述两部作品中的体现。第三部分对比了《白鲸》和《老人与海》，找出并分析了其个人主义的不同。第四部分分析了个人道德情感和个人主义的关系。第五部分则给出了结论。

Abstract

Since the late l9th century, the United States has become a powerful country, at the same time, the American culture has increasingly showed some special qualities, in particular, highlights the growing spirit of individualism, which is typical of an era, a wind vane of the United States culture growing maturity. This paper takes two classics of American literature —'Moby Dick' and 'The Old Man and the Sea' as an example to work on a careful comparison of individualism, to reveal the American spirit of individualism and its various interpretations in different periods. The paper also introduces the concept of morality, trying to analyze the moral influence of the spirit of individualism. 

This article consists of the following five parts: The first part introduces the main contents of the two classics of the American literature —'Moby Dick' and 'The Old Man and the Sea' and defines individualism. The second part introduces the formation and development of individualism in the American history and the individualism reflected in the two works. The third part analyzes the comparison of individualism from “Moby Dick” and “The Old Man and the Sea”. The forth part analyzes the relationship between moral and individualism. The filth part is the conclusion.

Key Words：Individualism, “Moby Dick”, “The Old Man and the Sea”, morality

Contents

Part I   Introduction 1

Part II   Individualism 1

2.1 The Historical Evolution of the Spirit of Individualism 1

2.1.1  The Origin of Individualism in the Early History 2

2.1.2  The Development of Individualism in the 1920s 2

2.1.3  The Evolution of Individualism during 1930-1960 2

2.1.4  The Evolution of Individualism during1970-1980s 3

2.1.5  The Formation of Individualism in the New Era 3

2.2  The Concept of Individualism and the Chinese Individualism 4

2.3  Individualism Reflected in the American Literature 5

2.3.1  Individualism Reflected in “Moby Dick” 5

2.3.2  Individualism Reflected in “The Old Man and the Sea” 6

Part Ⅲ The Comparison of Individualism from “Moby Dick” and “The Old Man           and the Sea” 7

3.1 The Comparison of the Hero’s Character 7

3.2 The Comparison of the Hero’s Images of Appearance 8

3.3 The Comparison of the Independence of the Hero’s Wills 8

3.4 The Comparison of the Process of the Achievement of Personal Wills………………………………………………………………………...9

3.5 The Comparison of Spirit Pressure on Heroes 11

3.6 The Comparison of the Relationships between the Outside World and Heroes 11

Part Ⅳ The Relationships between Moral and Individualism 12

4.1 The Origin of Bourgeois Morality and Proletarian Morality 12

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