叙事小说中的现实主义
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论文字数:2639论文编号:org201512042205061247语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:叙事小说现实主义电视剧
摘要:现实主义理论只显示表面,我们需要了解它背后的问题。然而,现实主义潜在的社会结构不能通过电视剧反映出来,我们应当对社会有更多的关注。
叙事小说中的现实主义
Realism In Narrative Fiction
它没有普遍性,也没有对现实主义的定义,也不是学者和电影制作者之间达成的对目的和用途的协议。但我们可以说,这里有许多“现实主义”,这些现实主义分享了生活某些使人感兴趣的方面。
这句话真的让我明白了手上的问题,也就是约翰埃利斯说的没有现实主义但有现实主义,意味着什么。在我写作的语境中,电视剧意味着代表了现实的不同方面,而每一种电视剧都有其独特的功能和目的。例如,肥皂剧使用现实生活,如离婚,死亡,少女的焦虑和人际关系的情况和问题。这些都是每个人在生活中的某些时候都不得不面对的话题。显然,这些节目情节夸大,但他们可以通过自己的方式向人们展示自己的生活比屏幕上的好。其他电视剧存在的其他方面的现实,如账单或医生说明了在不同职位的生活(如警察、医生的手术),还有他们在职业和个人生活中面对的挣扎。
首先,我将提出并探讨我所研究的其他作家的现实主义的观点和意见,并观察他们对埃利斯有没有一个“现实主义”的立场。此外,我将提出两个案例研究。这些研究将会是关于不同类型的电视剧,所以我可以在他们之间进行比较。我也会看看现实如何与这些戏剧和理论联系起来。
There is no universal, all encompassing definition of realism, nor is there agreement amongst academics and film-makers as to its purpose and use. But what we can say is that there are many ‘realisms' and these realisms share an interest in presenting some aspects of live as it is lived”. (Lay, 2002, pg.6)
This quote really helped me to understand the question in hand and what John Ellis meant when he said that there is no realism but there are realisms. In the context that I am writing in, about television drama, it means that different television dramas represent different aspects of reality and each one has its own unique function and purpose. For example, soap operas use realistic, life-like situations and issues such as divorce, death, teenage angst and relationships. These are topics that every person has had to deal with at some point in there life. Obviously the storylines on these programmes are greatly exaggerated but they can either help by showing people ways of getting through them or by showing them that their own lives are not as bad as they may think compared to those on screen. Other television dramas present other aspects of reality such as The Bill or Doctors illustrate what live is like in different institutions (i.e. the police force and a doctor's surgery) and the struggles that they face in the professional and personal life.
To begin with I shall present and explore the views and opinions on realism of other writers that I have researched into and observe their position on Ellis' statement that there is no one ‘realism'. In addition to this, I am going to be looking at two case studies. These studies will be regarding television dramas of different genres so that I can make comparisons between them. I will also look at how realism is used in these dramas and which theories relate to them.
Then I shall look at Desperate Housewives, which is an American drama set in a cul-de-sac in suburbia where the residents are best friends but all hide dark secrets from one another. I will review Holby City, a drama set in a British hospital that explores not only the situations and issues of the patients, but also follows on going storylines about the lives and relationships concerning the staff. I shall then do my own analysis of each drama individually and comparatively, looking at conventions and how they relate to theories of realism such as ‘British Social Realism' and the ‘Classic Realist Text'.
John Ellis wrote about realism in his book ‘Visible Functions - cinema, television and radio', which is where the quote in the title is cited from. In his chapter on realism he says that “…the word ‘realism' is used to cover a whole series of ideas and expectations, some of which can conflict each other” (1992, pg.15). By this he is saying that there are so ma
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