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Abstract: the voice is a form of the verbs, which means the sentences with the subject of the relationship between the predicate verbs. Due to the different language habits, the passive rarely occur in Chinese. So, in english-chinese translation, we often passive sentences in English as much as possible in the active sentences into Chinese. This paper tries to English the characteristics of the passive, usage and Chinese translation strategies are discussed, in order to achieve the readability of the smooth and sex.
Key words: the passive voice; Usage; Chinese translation strategy

摘要:语态是动词的一种形式,它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。由于语言习惯的不同,被动语态很少出现在汉语中。所以,在英译汉时,我们往往尽可能把英语中的被动句译成汉语中的主动句。本文试英语被动语态的特点、用法和汉译策略进行探讨,以求得译文的可读性和通顺性。

关键词:被动语态;用法;汉译策略

1 被动语态

大凡语言都有两种语态(voice),当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态(active voice);当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语的形式叫做被动语态(passive voice)。相对汉语而言,英语中使用被动语态更多一些。汉语中有被、由、叫、挨、让、给、受、遭等词时,英语表达一般是被动句。例如:她去年被选进国会(She was elected toparliament last year)。这孩子昨天挨来了一顿批评(The boywas criticized yesterday)。我们的衣服给汗水湿透了(Our clotheswere soaked with sweat)。杯子让我妹妹打碎了(The glass wasbroken by my sister)。他们去年遭了灾(They were hit by anatural calamity last year)。须注意的是许多汉语中本没有“被、由、叫、挨、让、给、受、遭 ”的意思 ,英语却也用被动态。例如:孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾(The foreign guests were given a warmwelcome by the children)。人们认为他很有才华(He is regarded as brilliant bypeople)。到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机(100 tractors had been produced by theend of last year)

2 被动语态的用法

(1)一般现在时的被动语态构成:is /am /are + 及物动词的过去分词。Our classroom is cleaned everyday．Knives are used for cutting things．(2)一般过去时的被动语态构成 :was/were+ 及物动词的过去分词。A new shop was built last year．Dinosaur eggs were laid long longa g o ．(3)现在完成时的被动语态构成 :has/have+been+ 及物动词的过去分词。This book has been translated intomany languages．Many man-made satellites have beensent up into space by many countries．(4)一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+be+ 及物动词的过去分词。A new hospital will be built in ourc i t y ．Many more trees will be planted nexty e a r ．(5)含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词 +be+ 及物动词的过去分词。Your mistakes should be correctedr i g h t n o w ．The door may be locked inside．(6)现在进行时的被动语态构成:am/is/are+being+ 及物动词的过去分词。Uncle Wang is mending my bike now．Trees are being planted over there byt h e m ．(7)不定式的被动语态:to+be+ 及物动词的过去分词。There are two books to be read．There are twenty more trees to bep l a n t e d ．

3 英语被动语态的汉译策略

(1)如被动语态表示的是不如意的事或强调受动者时,可译为表示被动的词,如:被、叫、让等。The gate to the garden was locked bythe girl.花园的门被那个女孩锁上了。Have been wetted in the rain．你叫雨淋湿了。(2)由于汉语中无标志的被动句很多,且这种句子很符合中国人的说话习惯,故遇到英语被动句时,如不强调被动,而且无施动者,可译为无标志的被动句。The book has already been translatedinto many languages．这本书已译成了几国语言。The meeting has been put off till nextSaturday．会议已推迟到下周六了。(3)凡着重说明一件事是由谁做的,或什么时候、什么地点做的时,可译为“是的”。作为汉语的一种被动语态结构,它带有一种解释的语气。David Copperfield was written byCharles Dickens．《大卫•科波菲尔》是狄更斯写的。(4)因为英语中的准被动句,往往只是徒具被动形式,并不表示被动含义,故这些句子都不能作为被动式来考虑。汉语译文应当根据具体语义情况,将其译为主动句。He has decided to go and study abroad．他已决定出国留学。https://www.51lunwen.org/translation/ All countries are concerned with theair pollution.所有国家都很关注空气污染问题。(5)大多数的英文假主动句,都可根据相应的语义,译成汉语的无标志被动句。The Tiger brand T-shirts sell verywell.虎牌 T 恤销路很好。This sentence needs explaining．这个句子需要解释。(6)把英语的被动句译为汉语句子时,有时需要在译文中体现表示施动者的词语,如果原文中没有,可以根据上下文进行推断,如果推断不出,可以补进“别人”、“人”或“人家”等虚义宾语。Jule’s own teeth were not so whiteand not so good-looking,but at least noneof them had been knocked 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。