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已经有大量的研究进行了种族和贫穷可以影响学生的教育机会。通过研究和研究教育环境中种族和贫困的变量，我希望能够进一步促进种族和贫困如何影响当今社会学生的教育机会的知识基础。这一文献回顾将有助于促进教育地理学领域的知识，以进一步加强目前正在进行的关于种族和贫困的研究和研究，以及这两个变量对教育机会的影响。巴特勒指出，有一种强烈的连接之间的种族和教育机会的不平等主要是指出，黑人、白人、杰克逊等人之间，特别是黑人和白人之间存在的种族和教育机会之间的联系。杰克逊等人在他们的文章中指出，在大学一年级，黑人学生的学生贷款额比白人学生的贷款违约风险高。这两篇文章都注意到社会经济地位是黑人学生和白人学生之间存在不平等的主要原因。我倾向于同意一个学生的社会经济地位会影响他们的教育机会。我从经验和观察中知道，大多数黑人学生来自社会地位比大多数白人学生低的家庭。可悲的是，我们的社会如此重视种族和收入来决定一个人的价值，事实上，这两者都不应该影响学生们的生活。

literature review 文献综述

Introduction 简介
There have been abundant studies conducted on how race and poverty can affect the educational opportunities of students (Cashin, 2014; Brisport, 2013; Hallinan, 2010; Milner, 2013; Moses, 2011). By researching and studying the variables of race and poverty within an educational setting I hope to be able to further contribute to the knowledge base of how race and poverty can affect educational opportunities of students in our society today. This literature review will help contribute knowledge to the field of educational geography to further enhance the research and studies currently being done on race and poverty and the effect that both of these variables have on educational opportunities. Butler and Hamnett, (2007) stated that there is a strong connection between race and educational opportunity with a major inequality being noted between blacks and whites and Jackson et al., (2013) would agree that the connection between race and educational opportunity exists especially between blacks and whites. Jackson et al., (2013) noted in their article that at the college level black students have larger student loan amounts and have a higher risk of loan default than white students. Both articles note socioeconomic status as the main reason for the existence of the inequality between black students and white students. I would tend to agree that the socioeconomic standing of a student will affect their educational opportunities. I know from experience and observation that most black students do come from families that have a lower social standing than most white students. It is sad that our society puts so much emphasis on race and income to determine the worth of a person when in reality neither should have a bearing on what a students is able to do with their life.

Holloway et al., (2010) states that there are two techniques that can be used to examine educational geography. The two techniques are “inward-looking” and “outward-looking” geographies. The inward-looking technique is used to examine the spatial variation in education or where the educational space is located. The other technique is the outward-looking which uses spatial variations to study more than just the location of the educational space but it also looks at social, economic and political variables as well. It was also stated by Holloway et al., (2010) that our spatial lens needs to be broadened when we decide what an educational space is. It is important that when geographers look at and study educational spaces that the focus needs to be broadened to include any place where learning can take place and also to include social variables such as economic and political into their studies. An educational space can be located in other places outside of a formal educational institution or school. Students can learn outside of a class room as well and this learning needs to be incorporated into the study of educational geography just as much as the learning that takes place inside