1989年,斯图亚特·霍尔和他的同事们出版了一本名为“新时代”,这是指世界的变化趋势。在当时,我们已经习惯了“信息社会”和“全球化”这样的词语,“新时代”这个词象征着“信息社会”的兴起,反映了“全球化”的过程。然而,一个人必须区分这两个术语。“信息社会”不能被视为与“全球化”一词在同一个光。然而,曼纽尔·卡斯特尔所说,这两个词是相关的。这是因为全球化已经来了我们的一部分原因是由于社会和世界的计算机化。从任何方面来说,我们在显示生活中过着所谓的“网络社会”,这是很不寻常的。
In 1989, Stuart Hall and his fellow colleagues published a book titled “new times”, which is referring to the trend of the changing world. And at that time, we had already got used to words such as “information society” and “globalization.” To be sure, the term “new times” would symbolize the rise of the “information society” and reflect the ongoing process of “globalization”. Nevertheless, one has to distinguish these two terms. The “information society” cannot be regarded in the same light with the term “globalization”. However, Manuel Castells (1996) has stated, that these two words are related. That is the case since the global constellation has come over us partly due to the computerization of the society and the world as a whole. In any way, it is not unusual to hear that we are living a so-called “network society” in these days.
As a matter of course, globalization, and with it the computerization of society, can be interpreted in at least two ways. The one extreme would be as the stereotype of “western imperialism” which led by the neo-liberalism idea and the other extreme as the economic cure-all solution for the whole world. But despite the pros and cons of globalization, and despite the collective actions of anti-globalizers such as nationalists or regionalists against it, most of the world is under the influence of globalization. That is sure just as much as the western type of modernization has advanced around the world. Obviously, the pressure of the ongoing globalization is so extensive and strong that to avoid it or to run against this occurrence of our times seems to be almost impossible. Even though we cannot catch sight of the countries that are venturously pushing through these driving times, the question is whether or not it is natural that the globalization and computerization of society can be understood as the one and only predestined process from an evolutionary perspective?
The answer to this question is “no” for anything. According to Peter L. Berger and Samuel P. Huntington (2002), after having researched the cultural dynamics of globalization, there are, and there should be “many globalizations”, and we can find out multiple ways of cultural globalization that have been deployed all over the world. For sure, it is true that the “West” may be unique, however, not universal, as Samuel Huntington (1996) has admitted. Thus, it should be taken into account that, when considering the socio-economic dynamics of the world, there can be also various ways of globalizations, hence many globalizations in the socio-economic sphere.
1.2 Research Objectives
In fact, the developed countries such as Great Britain, The United States of America, France, Germany etc., just to name a few, have taken the role of the forerunners of globalizations. Nevertheless, in using the “many globalizations” theory, this paper is dealing with the situations of some advanced and middle-level developing countries in East and Southeast Asia, therewith filling in the slot of globalization debates. For instance, the structural change of some western countries has been researched by Manual Castells and Yuko Aoyama (1994-2002) in investigating the co
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