英语论文网

留学生硕士论文 英国论文 日语论文 澳洲论文 Turnitin剽窃检测 英语论文发表 留学中国 欧美文学特区 论文寄售中心 论文翻译中心 我要定制

Bussiness ManagementMBAstrategyHuman ResourceMarketingHospitalityE-commerceInternational Tradingproject managementmedia managementLogisticsFinanceAccountingadvertisingLawBusiness LawEducationEconomicsBusiness Reportbusiness planresearch proposal

英语论文题目英语教学英语论文商务英语英语论文格式商务英语翻译广告英语商务英语商务英语教学英语翻译论文英美文学英语语言学文化交流中西方文化差异英语论文范文英语论文开题报告初中英语教学英语论文文献综述英语论文参考文献

ResumeRecommendation LetterMotivation LetterPSapplication letterMBA essayBusiness Letteradmission letter Offer letter

澳大利亚论文英国论文加拿大论文芬兰论文瑞典论文澳洲论文新西兰论文法国论文香港论文挪威论文美国论文泰国论文马来西亚论文台湾论文新加坡论文荷兰论文南非论文西班牙论文爱尔兰论文

小学英语教学初中英语教学英语语法高中英语教学大学英语教学听力口语英语阅读英语词汇学英语素质教育英语教育毕业英语教学法

英语论文开题报告英语毕业论文写作指导英语论文写作笔记handbook英语论文提纲英语论文参考文献英语论文文献综述Research Proposal代写留学论文代写留学作业代写Essay论文英语摘要英语论文任务书英语论文格式专业名词turnitin抄袭检查

temcet听力雅思考试托福考试GMATGRE职称英语理工卫生职称英语综合职称英语职称英语

经贸英语论文题目旅游英语论文题目大学英语论文题目中学英语论文题目小学英语论文题目英语文学论文题目英语教学论文题目英语语言学论文题目委婉语论文题目商务英语论文题目最新英语论文题目英语翻译论文题目英语跨文化论文题目

日本文学日本语言学商务日语日本历史日本经济怎样写日语论文日语论文写作格式日语教学日本社会文化日语开题报告日语论文选题

职称英语理工完形填空历年试题模拟试题补全短文概括大意词汇指导阅读理解例题习题卫生职称英语词汇指导完形填空概括大意历年试题阅读理解补全短文模拟试题例题习题综合职称英语完形填空历年试题模拟试题例题习题词汇指导阅读理解补全短文概括大意

商务英语翻译论文广告英语商务英语商务英语教学

无忧论文网

联系方式

船舶温室气体排放的研究

论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2013-04-04编辑:hynh1021点击率:6698

论文字数:24200论文编号:org201304032049384079语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66

关键词:船舶温室气体排放

摘要:本文研究得出以下结论:世界船用燃油的消耗是通过使用不同的来源来确定的。不同来源的不一致,表明报告船舶燃油的消耗大量的系统误差。为了提高基于燃料消耗的方法,船舶排放的估计,燃料消费的统计资料需要改进。

1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY经营综合报告


1.1. Introduction引言

通过共同努力:MARINTEK,卡内基梅隆大学,挪威,美国,挪威船级社,挪威,和挪威经济,经济分析,研究中心,一个是国际海事组织(IMO)执行承担温室气体减排的可能性,通过不同的技术文章,研究操作和以市场为基础的方法。In joint effort by:  MARINTEK, Norway,  Carnegie Mellon University, United States,  Det Norske Veritas, Norway, and  ECON, Center for Economic Analysis,https://www.51lunwen.org/liuxuezuoyedx/  Norway,a study was performed for the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) to undertake anexamination of greenhouse gas emission reduction possibilities through different technical,operational and market-based approaches.


1.2. Organisation of the work论文结构


1.3. Conclusions结论


The following conclusions were derived from the study:  The world consumption of marine bunker fuel was established by use of different sources.The different sources are inconsistent and indicate a number of errors in the system forreporting the consumption of marine bunkers. In order to improve the estimates ofemissions from ships based on a fuel consumption methodology, the bunker consumptionstatistical reference material should be improved.  Statistical emission models and fuel consumption methodologies may be applied whenemissions to air from ships are estimated. Both methodologies have documentedweaknesses due to uncertainties related to statistical data material and emission factorspresently adopted.  The impact of ship NOxemissions on local and regional air quality (pollution) will continueto be the dominant policy driver, and may motivate additional domestic and internationalpolicy action. However, as scientific research furthers the understanding of global climateeffects, policy decisions may increasingly focus on these global issues. Improvedassessments of global climate impacts from shipping will need to include effects of CO2,NOx, and SOxemissions from ships. The research needed includes additional long-termfield campaigns to measure O3and NOxin the remote marine boundary layer andtroposphere.  A potential for reduction of GHG emissions through technical and operational measureshas been identified. Measures related to hull and propeller are identified as generalmeasures for energy savings. Measures related to machinery are identified in a variety ofoptions. The various options have varying effect on reduction of different components ofemissions, which implicate that reduction of one component may be a trade-off withregards to increased emissions of another component.  Technical and operational measures have a limited potential for contributing to reducedemissions from ships. If the increase in demand for shipping services and marketrequirement for increased speed and availability continues, technical measures alone willnot be able to prevent a total growth in emissions from ships.  Shipping has been confirmed to be a significant contributor in the development ofenvironmental sustainable transport. Although emission for some components may beabove the level for other means of transportation, the energy consumption is still a strongfactor promoting seabourne transportation in an inter-modal transportation chain.Shipping is a small contributor to the world total CO2emissions (1.8% of world total CO2emissions in 1996). This implies that a 10% reduction in emissions from shippingrepresents less than 0.2% reduction of the world total emissions. The re论文英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写英语论文代写代写论文代写英语论文代写留学生论文代写英文论文留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。

共 1/3 页首页上一页123下一页尾页

英国英国 澳大利亚澳大利亚 美国美国 加拿大加拿大 新西兰新西兰 新加坡新加坡 香港香港 日本日本 韩国韩国 法国法国 德国德国 爱尔兰爱尔兰 瑞士瑞士 荷兰荷兰 俄罗斯俄罗斯 西班牙西班牙 马来西亚马来西亚 南非南非