世界卫生组织认为,信息和教育为作出选择提供了知情的依据。它们是促进健康的必要和核心组成部分,旨在增加知识和传播与健康有关的信息。健康促进是健康教育的重要组成部分,健康教育是健康促进活动的核心。
健康教育是一个通知、激励和帮助人们采用和保持健康的做法和生活方式的过程,倡导必要的环境变化,以促进这些目标,并对同一目标进行专业研究和培训。
健康教育是为了达到健康或与疾病有关的学习,使个人的能力或性格发生相对永久性变化的任何有意的活动。有不同的健康教育方法。对于小团体来说,健康教育常用的方法有健康讲座、示范、角色扮演和视听教具的使用。对大众而言,健康教育工具通常是电视、广播、新闻、电影、健康杂志、海报、健康展览和健康博物馆。大众传媒在改变人类行为方面不是很有效,因为沟通通常是单向的。如果提供健康教育,但改变行为所需的产品或服务不易获得,那么健康教育的价值就丧失了。因此,重要的是要提供廉价和可靠的服务以及改变行为的健康教育。例如,如果健康教育带来了一个社区,艾滋病毒/艾滋病的发生可以通过使用避孕套的意识明显降低,如果安全套或不可用因为负担不起的价格或因为一个困难的位置这一信息是没有价值的。因此,提供这些服务与让人们意识到服务的好处一样重要。
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According to the WHO, information and
Education provide the informed base for making choices. They are a necessary and core component of health promotion, which aims at increasing knowledge and disseminating information related to health. Health promotion is one of the most important components of health care and health education forms the core of such promotional activity.
Health education is a process that informs, motivates and helps people to adopt and maintain healthy practices and lifestyles, advocates environmental changes as needed to facilitate these goals and conducts professional research and training to the same end.
Health education is any intentional activity which is designed to achieve health or illness related learning to bring about a relatively permanent change in an individual’s capability or disposition. There are different methods of health education. For small groups the usual methods employed for health education have been health talks, demonstrations, role plays, and the use of audio-visual aids. For the general public, the health education tools have conventionally been the television, the radio, the press, films, health magazines, posters, health exhibitions and health museums. Mass media is not very effective in changing human behavior because communication is usually one-way. If health education is provided, but the products or services necessary to change behavior are not easily available, then the value of the health education is lost. It is therefore important to provide cheap and reliable services along with behavior changing health education. For instance, if health education brings about an awareness in a community that the occurrence of HIV/AIDS can be significantly reduced by use of condoms, this message alone is of no value if condoms or not readily available either because of an unaffordable price or because of a difficult location. Making available these services is therefore as important as making people aware of the benefits of the services.
Health education is not a substitute to other health services, but it is needed to ensure the proper use of available services. If the behavior of the individual group or community can be the main cause of a health problem, then that same behavior can be altered to serve as the main solution as well.
In the world of marketing and advertisement, it is often said that propaganda is one of the most powerful instruments in influencing people. Television, radio and the popular press have emerged as the most potent vehicles for propaganda. There are three widely accepted strategies of mass communication. The psychodynamic model depends on modifying cognitive factors to influence behaviour namely the needs, fears and attitudes of the individual. The socio –cultural
strategy requires persuasive messages to define the rules of social be
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