美国assignment范文:全球水平上的劳动力市场 [3]
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论文字数:3000论文编号:org201610121703501401语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
关键词:美国assignment代写assignment范文劳动力市场
摘要:本文是美国assignment范文,主要内容是是讨论全球化对全球规模的劳动力市场的影响,包括收入平等以及移民对当地工人收入所产生的影响等内容。
s and reduce over-staffing in their swollen organizations. Hence, these modifications could lead to the huge loss of job and significantly increase unemployment rates (Rama, 2003).
IV. LABOR MARKET 劳动力市场
The increases in globalization have been escorted in the United State by drops in industrial and manufacturing employment rate and the demand for less skilled labor and the increases in earnings inequality. The swift rising of earnings inequality and low wage growth are fundamentally a US Phenomenon. Though there are many countries that did not involve the growth in earnings inequality, and unemployment. However, there are still a number of countries that did not experience those issues (Blanchflower, 2000).
a) Income Inequality
'The ideal measure of inequality would be based on comparisons of individuals' well-being over their entire lifetime' (Goldberg & Pavcnik, 2007, p. 45). According to Sachs (1998), he believes that globalization would lead to greater overall growth rates for nearly all economies. Moreover, there would not be a trade-off among faster growth and slower growth. Besides that, Sachs (1998) also mentioned the separation of salary between labor and capital; hence 'the post-tax income of capital is restricted relative to the post tax income of labor as a result of globalization and especially globalization that leads to openness of financial markets and not just of trade' (p. 8). Moreover, globalization will lower the income of unskilled worker in the developed countries and increase the income of unskilled worker in the developing countries (Sachs, 1998). It is because the rise in inequality recognized in many developing countries had been connected with the rise of skill premium, for example the salary gap between unskilled worker and the skilled worker (Goldberg & Pavcnik, 2007, p. 45). Goldberg and Pavcnik (2007) also stated that 'the definition of skill varies depending on the kind of data employed' (p. 46). This case occurs between developed country and developing country when they start to trading with each other (Sachs, 1998). Nonetheless, international trade could affect the employment rate; hence this could explain the inequality in U.S. increased and the increase in Europe unemployment. Thus, the increased trade with countries high in unskilled labor could lead to the increase in quality of skill (Krugman, 1994). However, this case will raise the demand for skilled workers, while reduced the demand for unskilled workers. Therefore, 'the skill- abundant country will export skill-intensive goods and import labor- intensive products, and as a result will shift its production toward skill-intensive sectors and away from labor-intensive sectors' (Krugman, 1994, p. 67). For instance, the rise of China as a foremost manufacturing exporter, and rapidly improve in the skill level of the work; when a country with plentiful unskilled workers reduce their barrier of trade, this have a tendency to lower the price of labor-intensive goods, hence initiating other country to move out of these sectors (Krugman, 1994). Hence, those unskilled workers in a country might lose their jobs.
b) Skill premium
'The increase in the skill premium in the developed country is mainly the result of skill-biased technological change' (Krugman, 1994, p. 70). Although the wages of skilled workers had increased, most areas had increased the ratio of skilled to unskilled wor
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