Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 公民权利和政治权利公约
国家和个人的基本政治权利和公民权利在本公约中得到了说明。国家权利包括:
自由地拥有、交易和处置他们的财产的权利,而不是剥夺他们的生活方式
The essential political and civil rights of nation and individual are illustrated in this covenant. The rights of nation include:
The right to own, trade, and dispose of their property freely, and not be deprived of their means of subsistence
The right to self determination
The rights of individuals are:
个人的权利是:
自由与迁徙自由权
生命权
集会结社自由
无罪推定权
诉诸法律的权利,他们的权利受到了侵犯,即使违法者是以官方身份行事
法律面前人人平等的权利
言论自由和表达自由
隐私权与隐私权的法律保护
上诉的权利
思想、良心和宗教的自由
法律面前承认人的权利
以下是不被允许的约:
奴隶制和强制劳役
鼓吹以种族、宗教、民族出身或语言为基础的战争或仇恨
酷刑和不人道或有辱人格的待遇
死刑适用于不满18岁的人
债务人的监狱和任意逮捕拘留
儿童的权利由盟约保证,禁止歧视依赖于性、种族、肤色、语言或民族血统的歧视。它支持人们自由决定他们结婚的权利和建立一个家庭,并要求分担义务和责任的家庭必须在合作伙伴平等分享。
对最严重罪行的死刑由契约限制,并保证被判人在减刑上诉权中有较低的刑罚。它允许政府暂停这些权利只有在民事紧急情况下,一些权利被列出,不能在任何基础上暂停。联合国人权委员会也建立了盟约。
The right to liberty and freedom of movement
The right to life
Freedom of assembly and association
The right to presumption of innocence till proven guilty
The right to legal recourse when their rights have been violated, even if the violator was acting in an official capacity
The right to equality before the law
Freedom of opinion and expression
The right to privacy and protection of that privacy by law
The right to appeal a conviction
Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion
The right to be recognized as a person before the law
The following are disallowed by covenant:
Slavery or involuntary servitude
propaganda advocating either war or hatred based on race, religion, national origin, or language
Torture and inhuman or degrading treatment
The death penalty entirely for people less than 18 years of age
Debtor's prisons and
Arbitrary arrest and detention
The rights of children are guaranteed by covenant and forbid discrimination that relies on sex, race, color, language, or national origin. It supports the right of people in deciding freely to whom they marry and to found a family and requires sharing the obligations and responsibilities of family have to be shared among partners equally.
The death penalty to the most critical crimes is restricted by the covenant and assures destined persons with a low penalty in the right to appeal for commutation. It allows government to suspend few of these rights only in the cases of civil emergency and some of those rights are listed, which can’t be suspended on any basis. UN Human Rights Commission is also established by covenant. The Universal Covenant on Civil and Political Rights was agreed in 1966 after two decades of rewriting and negotiations. It became international law in 1976, after being sanctioned by the required 35 states.
Optional Protocol to the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Legal force to the covenant on political and civil rights is added by the protocol. Thus, the complaints of human rights violations from people from signator countries are investigated and judged by the permitting the Human Rights Commission.
Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
Covenant also expresses the basi
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