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摘要：People think the course of the conversation to understand or act, which willcontinue to construct some concepts of package and store in the virtual psychologicalspace. The conversation will continue to establish new mental spaces and each mentalspace is a temporary structure. It relies on the presence of one or more specific orrelevant to form more fixed knowledge structure.

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

如今是信息爆炸的时间，在此期间，媒体已经改变了很多。报纸作为一个塔的力量，压力不仅来自国外，但也从里面。同时，压力不仅来自于同种，也从其他媒体。你可以想象，在国家和国外有几百万和成千上万的报纸。当然，这一些状态并没有包含一些特定的印刷机的报纸发表。
Nowadays is the time of information explosion, during this period is the media have changed a lot. Newspaper as a tower of strength, the pressures not only comefrom the foreign but also from the inside. Meanwhile, the pressures not only comefrom the same kind but also from the other media. You can imagine there are millions and thousands of newspapers in both national and foreign. Of course this number isnot contain the newspapers which published by some specific presses. We all know,readers are the masters in the field of newspapers. In fact, the presses of thenewspapers earn money from the advertisements of the manufacturers.In order to correspond the readers’ requirements the presses have come up withthe policies which changed the page numbers of the newspapers. Take Times forexample, which turned the five pages news into more than one hundred pages. In factin the weekend newspapers’, there are more than five or six pages of advertisementsection. From the previous research proved that for a common reader, he cost half anhour to read the newspapers. And it will take him two months to finish reading thewhole daily newspaper or the weekend newspaper. It is amazing when you read this,but it is the truth of our life. It is an impossible thing, especially for someprofessionals, since they are so busy and can’t have enough time to do that.

从先前的研究证明,对于一个普通读者,他花费半小时后读报纸。和他将要花费两个月时间读完整个日报或周末的报纸。它是令人惊异的,当你看我的,但它是我们生活的真相。这是一个不可能的事情,特别是对于一些专业人士,因为他们是如此的忙,不可能有足够的时间做那。

So the tiles of the newspapers are very important if you want to grasp the eyesof the readers immediately. Now you know the function of the titles of the newspapers, not only in the newspapers but in the journalists.Here we know the headlines of newspapers are the most important part of thenews compared to the other sections of the newspapers. Alice Deignan as one of theforeign scholars does many contributions in both semantics and pragmatics on thenews headlines. Except foreign scholars, many Chinese scholars also do somecontributions on the study of news headlines’ linguistic features, meanwhile on theinterpersonal relations. The titles of news are considered as the first step incommunications of the news in this thesis. The target of the thesis is to analyze thedetails of English news headlines in a communicative study.
Metaphor, metonymy and personification as a figure of speech are widely usedin the style of rhetoric. People use them to achieve the level of graceful state. So as adevice of conceptual interaction theory in English economic news headlines,metonymy is considered as using one’s name to represent the relevant thing, which isonly a figure of speech.In the past years the cognitive linguistics especially the work of Metaphors WeLive by (Lakoff & Johnson 1980) and Woman, Fire and Dangerous Things (Lakoff1987) referred that something about the metaphor and metonymy. It is proved that afigure of speech play an important part in our daily life. Ungerer and Schmid said thatthey are powerful cognitive tools as the abstract categories of metaphors andmetonymies.

1.2 Purpose of the Study
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