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无形的专业化可以被定义为“当一个组织对他们公司的资源进行了专业的设置，但是这个过程并不是立即可以呈现出来的或者说是无形的一个过程”。在2005年， Guiliano maielli是世界上第一个将无形专业这一术语发明出来的人，这也是当他在菲亚特记录他自己的经验发现时所想到的，同时，他也发现关于无形专业化的很好的典型例子也可以是知识和技能。

无形化对有一个组织主要存在两方面的影响，它可能被认为是一个公司的核心竞争力，但是也可能被误认为是一个组织的缺陷。作为一个组织的工作人员，在已经过去的几年中，他们都只执行着相同的任务，他们被认为是执行任务的专家或者是他们的专业就是执行任务，所以他们不想改变，他们只想继续同样的过程。这种行为对组织的影响被称为锁定的影响。菲亚特就是这种类型的影响的有力证据。而在对菲亚特的案例进行研究之后，我们将会关于解释路径依赖的思想。

Intangible Specialisation can be defined as “when an organisation becomes specialised in their set of resources within the firm that not immediately visible or tangible’’ (Maielli 2005, p.250). In 2005 Guiliano Maielli was the first one to introduce this terminology of intangible specialisation it happened when he was writing his empirical findings on Fiat, a good example of intangible specialisation can be knowledge and skill.

Intangible Specialisation can have two affects on an organisation, it could prove to be a core competency for a company or it could prove to be a flaw of an organisation. As the workers of an organisation have been performing the same task for past several years, they are expert/specialised in performing those tasks, so they won’t want to change and carry on with the same the process. This type of affect on an organisation is called lock-in affect. Fiat can be an evidence for this type of an affect. The idea of path dependency will be explained later by using Fiat case study.

Fiat is an Italian car company; the intangible specialisation of this manufacturing company is not only mass manufacturing of small cars but designing them efficiently and targeted the domestic lower segment of the market. There are two reasons behind it one is culture being followed over the past 30 years, I guess it’s being followed till now, designers, engineers and everybody else in fiat have developed their own ways of doing things and taking decisions and other reason is the specialisation of techno structure in building and manufacturing of small cars.

Because of expertise of fiat in manufacturing small cars they didn’t even make the best use of their output mix precisely. In order to make use of the time wasted by the workers effectively and cut down the cycle time, fiat introduced the use of robotics. Yet again it was because of the techniques used by fiat for the past several weeks for the purpose cost reduction in assembly and manufacturing with the intention that labours will be specialised and got not change.

It has an influence on product life cycle as it prohibits the organisation to reach the stage before decline i-e maturity stage because the products are not renovated or adjusted according to the market demand and proves to be unfavourable for an organisation because it starts to decline, in case of fiat That happened to fiat since each try they made to upgrade to a higher sector of market their cars were never up to the demands of the market. This had a major factor on fiats sales which in turn resulted in fiat going to a state which would result the company going bankrupt. In spite that fiats lucrative car design their company was stabilized for some time.

上世纪70年代，无形专业化如何影响菲亚特的战略和输出的组合优化？---How did Intangible Specialisation affect Fiat’s strategy and output-mix optimisation in the 1970s? 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。