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为了实现和完成一个组织中的目标和任务，对于一个高效率的组织来说，最好的办法就是采用合适的管理方法。这份报告的主要目的就是描述和勾勒出管理方法发展的主要趋势，因为这种管理方法是人们总要在他们的组织中采用和实施的。在这份报告中，我们将会明确地向大家介绍四种类型的管理办法，其中主要包括经典法，人际关系法，系统法和权变法四种。同时，我们也会进行对管理方法的分析研究，其目的是为了选择和确定最有效的管理方法来提高组织结构和组织关系。此外，一个好的领导在其领导团队实现组织目标方面来说是非常重要的。因此，一个好的领导所需要具备的特性也会在本报告中被讨论和明确。

管理方法的类型

管理在一个组织的决策过程中往往扮演着重要的角色。因此，有效率的管理是确保每一个组织都是朝着其共同的目标或者任务不断努力的基础。因此，想要创立一个良好的组织结构和组织关系，管理方法是非常有必要的。那么，下面我们将要对四种主要类型的管理方法进行讨论。

In order to achieve the aim and objective of a project in an organisation, the best way to determine an effective organisation is to apply a suitable management approaches. This report is to describe and outline the major trends in management approaches which people are always implementing in their project organisation. There are four types of management approaches will be mention clearly in this report include classical approach, human relation approach, system approach and contingency approach. From the management approaches analysis shall be carry out at the same time in order to choose and clarify the most effective in promoting a good organisational structure and organisational relationships. Besides, a good leader is also important to leading the team in achieving the organisation goals. Thus, the attributes to be a good leader will be discuss and identified as well.

管理方法的类型---Types of management approaches

Management plays a crucial role in the making of the organisation and therefore effective management is required to ensure every organisation is working towards accommon objective or goal. Hence, it is essential to produce a good organisation structure and organisation relatioship. The four different major types of management approaches will discuss in the following.

经典法---Classical Approach

Classical approach is mainly concerned with the increasing the efficiency of the workers and organisations based on management practices, which were on outcome of careful observation. Classical approach mainly looks for economic efficiency with the universal principles of operation. (Abhijith 2011) In a management sense, classical approach is tried to develop and operate universal principles or models that will applied in all circumstances. Basically, this approach is looking for the best way which they believed can be exposed by the use of rational method. (Sharon 1997)

According to Laurie J.Mullins (2005) also mentioned that the classical approach is encouraged the scientific view of the management and provide some common universal principles applicable to all organisation circumstances. Classical approach can be classified into three management includes scientific management, administrative management and bureaucratic management.

科学管理---Scientific management

According to Taylor (1856-1915), scientific management was a theory of management that analysed the objective of increasing the labour productivity. Taylor also mentioned that management of business, industry or economy must be according to principles of efficiency from the experiments and operation in methods of work and production. Besides, Taylor also insisted that the manner of change in management could be determined by scientific study. (Abhijith 2011)

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