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me in Cambridge came to an end. Loyalties (1985), is about upper class radicals people who were joint communist party in 1930s. Meanwhile, he was working on another novel called People of the Black Mountains (1989) which is a historical book about people who might have lived in a part of Wales he came from. The book was completed in Williams’ middle ages by his death in 1988. It was prepared to publish in two volumes by his wife, Joy Williams.

 

In his last decade of life, Williams made important links with debates in feminism, peace, and ecology social movements, and changed his position from pure Marxism. In Resources of Hope: Culture, Democracy, Socialism (1989) he pointed out the lack of different socialisms because, there is a need when there are varieties of cultures and societies in the world.

 

Williams wrote just some little pages directly related to education during his career, and is not often known as an educational thinker. But there are a lot of writings on Williams’ cultural roots and early educational experiences, his thoughts on adult education and lifelong learning, his concern with informal education and public pedagogy, and his general thinking about the transformative power of culture, perhaps his greatest contribution to pedagogy in the widest sense.

 

For Raymond Williams, adult education was a unique opportunity to the world of new communications media and pedagogy. “There is no necessary opposition between (education) through the small group and the use of such new media as broadcasting and television. We all live at different levels of community, and a healthy culture needs a corresponding scale and variety of institutions. Broadcasting helped adult education both directly and indirectly; Television, at worst, has not harmed it” (Williams, 1993, pp: 220).

 

Williams has written a lot about the cultural forms of mass media in which news and opinion are different. He argues about the important role of the mass media and the ability to judge the conservative effects of it.

 

Conclusion

Raymond Williams was to become one of the Britain's greatest post-war cultural historians, theorists and polemicists. He approaches mass media not from the distance of the critic but as an active participant: someone who works in culture.

 

He was a man who was ahead of his time. He was doing cultural studies even before the term had been invented. In his successful life, he wrote more than 650 publications. But it never led him to forget the Welsh village where he grew up.

 

He was a theorist of literature who himself wrote novels; an historian of drama w本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。