项目管理专业留学生毕业论文Theory参考
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2015-09-13编辑:cinq点击率:17899
论文字数:4000论文编号:org201509121520058865语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:免费论文
关键词:Stakeholder theoryIdentifying stakeholdersStakeholder classification
摘要:这是一篇项目管理专业留学生毕业论文Theory部分,总结和分析了利益相关者的定义,认为,利益相关者的概念,主要是指从两个维度:“互动关系企业”和“对企业有一些利益”。
利益相关者理论已经发展了很多年,但是,正如前面提到的文献回顾,利益相关者的定义并没有得到广泛认可。
在目前的研究中,大多数学者都认同利益相关者是“影响或受企业活动影响”的概念,他们“有一定的利益,并承担风险”。这项研究是基于米切尔的观点,角度确定北京项目利益相关者。
Theory
Definition of stakeholder
Stakeholder theory occurred in the 1960s. It proposes that a company's development cannot be separated from the input or participation of various stakeholders. The Institute of Stanford University defined stakeholder in 1963 that without their support, an organization will cease to exist. (Freeman and Reed, 1983). In today's opinion, this definition may be not comprehensive. It only took into account the influence of stakeholders on an enterprise, and stakeholders are limited to a small part of business survival. At this stage, scholars stress that stakeholders are understood as a necessary condition of business survival. The research focused on “who are stakeholders” and “the basis and rationality of stakeholder participation”. Soon afterwards, Rhenman (1964), Ansoff (1965), et al presented a more comprehensive definition that stakeholders are individuals and groups in an organization, they depend on the firm to achieve their personal goals and the firm depends on them for its existence. Freeman (1984) emphasizes the role of stakeholders in corporate
strategy analysis, planning and implementation. It focuses on the impact of relevant stakeholders on enterprises. Freeman (1984) believes that participation of stakeholders is the key for corporate strategy management.
Stakeholder theory has developed for many years, however, as mentioned previously in
literature review that the definition of stakeholder has not been widely recognized. Mitchell, Agle and Wood (1997) summarized and analyzed more than thirty definitions of stakeholder, they believed that the concept of stakeholder was mainly defined from two dimensions: “the interactive relationship between the enterprises” and “have some interests of the enterprise”. In current researches, most scholars agree with the definition that stakeholders are those who “affect or are affected by corporate activities” and they “have some interest and take risk due to project”. This study was based on the opinion of Mitchell, Agle and Wood’s (1997) to identify the stakeholders of BJ project.
Identifying stakeholders
Rachel Thompson present that identifying stakeholders is to brainstorm who the stakeholders are. As part of this, think of all the people who are affected by working, who have influence or power over it, or have an interest in its successful or unsuccessful conclusion”. Varvasovszky and Brugha (2000) point out “to consider the position of clients in project’s context, for instance: who he/she is, what he/she is supposed to do, the importance of the position in relation to others”. Besides, there is also a need “to understand some of the pressures and expectations regarding their role” (Varvasovszky and Brugha, 2000). Golder and Gawler (2005) provide a questions list for how to identify the stakeholders in order to start analysis and think about “the key stakeholders associated with each, or start with an analysis of the stakeholders and then link them to specific threat and opportunity factors”. Rachel Thompson (n.d.) drew out a table to describe some of the people who might be stakeholders in a project as table. 2. This table well explains the vertical (columns) and horizontal (rows) relationship of different actors, and it
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