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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2014-06-27编辑:felicia点击率:1908
论文字数:1737论文编号:org201406270855157026语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 44
关键词:urban processeshuman welfareurbanizationstaggeringfloating population
摘要:城市发展过程会极大地影响人类生活,中国城市化的重要性不言而喻。城市化涉及到相当多的人口数量,以及相关的住房登记、户口制度和所迁移城市的现状,大量临时迁移人口被称为流动人口。中国城市化发展至今又有什么样的特点和发展前景呢?
Introduction
XX
XX University
For scholars interested in how urban processes affect human welfare, it is hard to think of anything more important than urbanization in China. The sheer numbers of people involved is staggering: roughly one out of every 25 people in the world today is a resident of a Chinese city who arrived, or was born, since the current round of economic reforms began in 1978. This has taken place despite China’s unique hukou system of home registration, which restricts permanent migration to cities but allows a large amount of temporary migration, thereby creating a group of urban residents with restricted rights known as the “floating population.”
The next few decades promise changes at least as dramatic as those from 1978 to now. China’s agricultural sector is currently extremely labor-intensive. As the drive to modernize and raise living standards spreads beyond the urban coastal regions where it has been concentrated, agriculture will inevitably shed huge numbers of workers. D. GaleJohnson in this volume estimates that 12-15 million nonfarm jobs will be required annually just to absorb this surplus labor. A crucial question he addresses is: can such a shift be absorbed through urban migration, or must these jobs be created on a massive scale in rural areas themselves?
Migration
Obviously, a crucial element in understanding and shaping this transformation is to understand the motivations for individuals to migrate and the conditions they encounter when they do so. Five papers in this volume address the determinants and effects of migration. Zai Liang, Yanmin Gu and Yiu Por Chen1 focus on the “push factors” for migration. They especially explore the possibility that migration is curtailed by rural industrialization, a hoped-for effect underlying current industrial policies but one they are unable to verify. Aimin Chen and N. Edward Coulson, in contrast, focus on the “pull factors” of destinations, with several interesting results. Migrants are attracted not so much by high wages but by high gross incomes and entrepreneurial activity, a result consistent with much evidence in the literature for the economic creativity of ordinary people in developing nations. Furthermore, migrants appear relatively indifferent to most measures of urban quality of life, suggesting that it is primarily economic goals that motivate them to leave their family homes for an urban life.
Urban Conditions
Urban Growth Rates and Patterns
The Chinese Economists Society
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