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据Giddens所言，文化被定义为“特定集体的价值观、仪式感和生活方式与特征”。这些价值观和名词能够发生变化，在某种程度上还依赖于社会和文化的影响经历。我所选择的这样的特定组织或者文化是穆斯林文化。其他的能够在主流文化内部创造出次文化群的组织或者影响，可以通过种族、性别、宗教之类的元素进行区分，这种亚文化群被定义为“次级结构位置为了回应主流意义体系而发展的意义体系，表达方式或生活方式，展示了次级群体解决社会语境当中的结构冲突所做出的努力尝试”。

据布莱克所说，次文化群各不相同，因为他们各自都有三个独具特色的基本元素。

In addressing the essay question Is Multiculturalism the problem now; I will be arguing that it is a problem now by giving reasonable and valid justifications. I will be also examine the individual concepts and definitions of multiculturalism as well as touching slightly on urban culture, and demonstrate how these concepts are represented in today's society with negatively.

According to Giddens (2001) culture is defined as “the values, ceremonies and ways of life characteristic of a given group”. These values and norms can vary and are somewhat dependant on social and cultural influences experienced by a particular group. One such particular group or culture I will be looking at are Muslims.

Other such groups or influences can in turn create the emergence of further subcultures within mainstream culture that can be identified and segmented by elements such as ethnicity, gender and religion, and in turn become subcultures which is defined as”meaning systems, modes of expression or lifestyles developed by groups in subordinate structural positions in response to dominant meaning systems, and which reflect their attempt to solve structural contradictions arising from the wider societal context” (Brake: 1985: p8).

Subcultures according to Blake (1985) are different from one another because they each consist of three distinctive fundamentals they are”Image - appearance composed of costume, accessories such as hair - style, jewellery and artefacts. Demeanour - made up of expression, gait and posture, for example what they were and how they wear it. Argot - a special vocabulary and how it is delivered to solve structural contradictions arising from the wider societal context”. (Brake: 1985: p8).

Most theorist including Thornton (1995) have the same conclusion when defining subcultures;

“Subcultural ideologies are a means by which youth imagine their own and other social groups assert their distinctive character and affirm that they are not anonymous members of an undifferentiated mass”. (Thornton: 1995: p185).

When looking at subculture, Hebdige (1979) recognizes 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。