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有关种族的概念常常被一个人的外表所误导，外表是清晰可见的物理特征。人类在外表显性特征上有成千上万种差异，包括发色、肤色、眼珠颜色等等。从理论上讲，一个生物族是一个地理隔绝区域中的生物种类，也被称作亚种，它可以与同一种类中的其他亚种进行杂交繁殖，但实际上由于地理隔绝状态不会这样做。然而，以外表为基础的种族划分就带来了这样一个问题：哪种特征应当作为划分种族的依据呢？种族应当由肤色、身高、鼻子长度或者面部特征来决定吗？尽管不同的种族可能在某种特定的特征上呈现出差异化的物理特点，让生物学家们拥有了独一无二的种族划分方法，但是很多种族都有相同的外表特征，这使得这样的划分方法变得无效。种族并不是像大多数人们所想象的那样，处于完全生物学上的独特状态。一个很明显的例子就是，以颜色为基础的种族特征，并不能准确的描述肤色这一特征。举个例子，“白种人常常偏向粉红、米色或者棕褐色；黑人通常是不同程度的棕色，而黄种人是棕褐或者米黄色。”最重要的困境在于，大多数种族根本就不满足这三大种族中任何一个的特征：“波西尼亚人的青铜肤色是与高加索人种有关，还是和蒙古人有关呢？”南亚地区的人们是应当依据他们深肤色归类到美国黑人，还是要依据他们的面部特征和头发的模样归类到高加索人种呢？

The notion of one’s race is mistakenly implied by one’s phenotypes: the physical attributes that is clearly visible. Humans display hundreds of different phenotypes ranging from hair color, the color of one’s skin , eye color, and etc. In theory, a biological race is defined as a geographically isolated subdivision of a species, this so called “subspecies,” would be capable of interbreeding with other subspecies of the same species but would not do so because of the geographical isolation. However, racial classifications based on phenotypes bring about the issue of determining which traits should define one’s race. Should races be defined by skin color, height, nose lengths or facial feature? Even though different races may differ in physical attributes for a certain trait, which allows biologists to classify different races exclusively, many races share similar phenotypes, making this biological attempt ineffective. Races are not as biologically distinct as most people might believe. One obvious issue with the “color-based” racial labels is that the terms do not accurately portray skin color. For example “White people are more pink, beige, or tan than white. Black people are various shades of brown, and yellow people are tan or beige” (textbook pg 117). A conclusive dilemma with the tripartite scheme is that most populations and ethnic groups do not fit any of the three great races: “Does the bronze color of the Polynesians connect them to the Caucasoids or to the Mongoloids?” (textbook pg 120). Does the dark skin color of the ethnic groups in southern India classify them with black Africans or with the Caucasian race because of their facial features and hair form? These issues arise when races are classified with merely one's skin color, so how do we classify a population based on their phenotypes? Would it better to base racial classifications on a combination of physical traits? This interpretation brings upon more complexities, as skin color, stature, skull form and facial features don't come together as a combined unit: because a single “race” of people contain many different kinds of phenotypes depending on the individual, it’s difficult to classify an entire group of people just based on a common physical trait these people may or may not share. The most desirable way to classify races and ethnic groups is by allocating the groups under a cultural perspective and not with a biological basis. The concept of race can be further defined as self本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。