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社会学课程作业：人类的发展

对于人类的发展，教育是其中一个主要的决定性的方面。意思是，人类生活和发展处于良好的状态是很重要的。这里有几个教育的类型，即正式的，非正式的， 非正规的教育。从童年时期到成年，通常会
给予这些类型的教育，它们随着社会的不同而不同。在人类的发展中，童年时期是一个决定性的阶段，
所以在这段时间需要给予特殊的教育。有几个作者作了一些作品来说明童年教育系统和教学法的劣势，
他们指出了一些方法来改善。这些作者包括玛利亚蒙特梭利和玛格丽特米德。他们说明了对教育改革的需求，为了给人们带来社会经济的发展。这篇论文主要的目的是因此来确定在教育孩子上的一些问题和劣势，来提供
建议性的方法来改善。它的重点将放在以意大利的经历为基础的玛利亚蒙特梭利的作品上和以美国和萨摩亚为基础的玛格丽特米德的作品上。这篇论文将集中于学校里的正规教育和家里的非正规教育。

玛利亚蒙特梭利（1912），她的作品中，蒙特梭利的方法，提出通过不同的方法，存在的教育体制对孩子是不合适的。她展现了旧的系统教育法的劣势和提出了一种新的系统教育法。她说，奴隶制度的原则遍及了教育法，因此同样的原则遍及了学校。她支持改革和改变学校的环境，包括教育工作者的角色，学校的建筑，坐姿的安排，被教的课程以及教学方法。她提议将蒙特梭利的方法作为一个新的关于现代科学的教育法的关键性的考虑。她展现了对抛弃一个错误的，狭隘的教育孩子的方法，去建立一个更自由的系统的需求，为了能有一个正确的合适的系统去训练未来的一代。

The human development

Education is one of the main crucial aspects towards human development. This means, it is important in shaping human life and development. There are several types of education namely formal, informal and non formal education. These types of education are normally given since childhood to adulthood and they vary from society to society. Childhood is a critical stage in human development so education provided during that period needs to be a special one. Several authors have done some works to show weaknesses in childhood education systems and pedagogies and they have identified some measures to improve. Those authors include Maria Montessori and Margaret Mead. They show the need for educational reform in order to bring people's socio-economic development. The main purpose of this paper is therefore to identify some problems and weaknesses in educating children and to provide suggested measures for improvement. It will focus on the work of Maria Montessori which was based in Italy experience and Margaret Mead basing in America and Samoa[1] experience. The paper will focus on formal education in schools and informal education in the homes.

Maria Montessori (1912) in her work, 'the Montessori method', argues that through different ways, the existed education system is not proper to children. She shows weakness of the old scientific pedagogy and proposing new kind of scientific pedagogy. She says, the principle of slavery pervades pedagogy and therefore the same principle pervades school. She argues for reform and transformation of the whole school environment including the roles of educators, school buildings, sitting arrangement, lessons to be taught as well as the teachings methods. She is proposing the Montessori Method as a critical consideration of the new pedagogy in its relation to modern science. She shows the need to move away from a false and narrow way of educating children to a more free system in order to have a true and proper system for training the future generation.

Starting with the role of teachers or educators, she says they should be very well prepared on how to deal and interact with children. That preparation should be based on the spirit rather than on the mechanism in order to awaken their mind and hearts. To her, the teachers tend to pour certain knowledge and facts into the heads of the pupils and in order to succeed in that they need to discipline the pupils into immobility and force their attention through systems of prizes and punishments. She argues that prizes and punishments are instrument of slavery of the spirit and they are incentives toward unnatural or forced effort and that cannot be considered as natural本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。