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埃及,官方称为阿拉伯埃及共和国,位于非洲北部西奈半岛，与西亚形成的大陆桥。埃及是分别在在其北东边界与加沙地带和以色列的大陆连接，并且在其西部和南部边界与苏丹和利比亚连接的战略位置。埃及的地中海海岸线包含了红海北部和东部。苏伊士运河连接了红海和地中海，是埃及最重要的战略资产之一，为欧洲和亚洲之间提供了一个重要的联系。

图1 - 1:埃及:概述和重要事件,2009年
全名
阿拉伯埃及共和国
首都
开罗
面积
大约100万平方公里
主要的语言
阿拉伯语
主要宗教
伊斯兰教、基督教
平均寿命
70岁(男性),75岁(女性)
货币单位
埃及镑(￡E)
资料来源：联合国，BBC 国家概况，CIA 世界事实书
1.1人口统计学
埃及是世界上面积排名第38的国家，它的土地面积是1,001,450 平方公里, 除了尼罗河流域以外大部分都是沙漠。埃及是人口最多的阿拉伯国家,也是非洲人口第二多的国家。

Assessing the financial markets within egypt

Egypt, officially known as Arab Republic of Egypt, is situated in the northern part of Africa with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge with West Asia. Egypt is strategically located with its landmass connected to the Gaza Strip and Israel on its north east boundary and to Sudan and Libya on its south and west borders, respectively. Egypt’s coast line encompasses the Mediterranean Sea to its north and Red Sea to its east. The Suez Canal, which connects the Red and Mediterranean seas is one of Egypt’s most strategic assets providing a vital connection between Europe and Asia.

Figure 1-1: Egypt: Overview and Key Facts, 2009

Full Name

Arab Republic of Egypt

Capital

Cairo

Area

1 million sq km (approximately)

Major Language

Arabic

Major Religions

Islam, Christianity

Life Expectancy

70 years (men), 75 years (women)

Monetary Unit

Egyptian Pound (￡E)

Source: the UN, BBC Country Profile, the CIA World Fact Book

1.1 Demography

Egypt is the 38th largest nation in the world in terms of land area and measures 1001,450 square kilometres; most of the country is desert except for the Nile Valley. Egypt is the most populous Arab and the second most populous nation in Africa. The great majority of its estimated 83.1 million inhabitants live in an area of about 40,000 square kilometres near the banks of the Nile River, where the only arable agricultural land is found. Large areas of Egypt are dominated by the Sahara Desert and are understandably sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt’s residents live in urban areas, with the majority spread across the densely-populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.

Egypt has a relatively productive and cost-effective workforce of more than 22 million. Egyptian traders are renowned as seasoned businessmen with extensive experience in dealing with local Egyptian and neighbouring markets. Apart from Egyptian nationals, the workforce comprises Middle Eastern, African, European, North American, Asian and Latin American nationals.

Figure 1-2: Egypt: Key Demographic Data

Population

83.1 million (2009)

Population Abroad

3.9 million

Foreign Population

0.4 percent of total population

Most Populous Governorates:

Cairo (7.8 million), Giza (6.3 million), Sharkiya (5.3 million), Dakahliya (5 million), Beheira (4.7 million)

Languages

Arabic (official). English a