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need anyspecial care, since they will disappear by the end of the intermediate stage as fluency at thesegmental level (fluent use of sounds in words, phrases and sentences) increases. As forteaching students to avoid onset misplacement, he would like to suggest that the best strategyis to teach them to correctly place rhythmic stress. To the extent that they learn not to stressEnglish grammatical words, onset placement will cease to be a learning problem and sowould be instances of neutral tonicity where grammatical words appear in tone-unit finalposition. The learning of onset placement and of neutral tonicity is a matter of learning not tostress grammatical words but lexical ones.
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Chapter III Methodology.......16
3.1 Research Questions........ 16
3.2 Speech Database....16
3.2.1 Participants...........16
3.2.2 Reading Material...........17
3.2.3 Recording Procedures....18
3.3 Prosodic Labeling...........18
3.3.1 Labeling Tool........18
3.3.2 Annotation............ 18
3.3.3 Labeling Procedures......19
3.4.4 Phonetic Indices Employed in Prosodic Labeling......20
Chapter IV Results and Discussion.........25
4.1 Deviations in Tonality.... 25
4.1.1 More Pauses in Tonality.........25
4.1.2 Relation between Tonality and Syntactic Structure....27
4.2 Deviations in Tonicity.... 28
4.3 Deviations in Tone Selection............32
Chapter V Conclusion......39
5.1 Major Findings...... 39
5.2 Implications...........40
5.3 Limitations and Suggestions............ 40

Chapter IV Results and Discussion

Based on the former annotation of the sound files and discussion of the extracted data,this chapter mainly presents the results and at the same time, makes discussions of thedeviations between native English speakers and Chinese college EFL learners from tonality,tonicity and tone respectively, which will also be the answers to the research questions inchapter three.

4.1 Deviations in Tonality

Tonality means the segmentation of the speech flow into several groups according tosome criteria which have been mentioned in chapter three. It is not only the prosodic unit, butalso information unit for one intonation unit matches with one piece of information. In thissection, the study focuses can be divided into two aspects: the comparison of phonetic cues(pause, anacrusis, lengthening and pitch reset) and their frequency of occurrence betweennative English speakers and Chinese college EFL learners; then based on the deviations, thecorresponding reasons are explored.The various boundary indicators make English full of ups and downs and it sounds verybeautiful. The over use of anyone of them will lead to the language being flat and it is notadvantageous for the listeners to grasp the key information. In most readings and preparedspeech, the boundary indicator is easy to identify, however, there may be some unclearboundaries in even the most experienced speaker’s utterance, so in that case, there must besome internal criteria which refers to the listener’s perception other than the formermentioned: external criteria (pause, anacrusis, lengthening and pitch reset) .

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Conclusion

This part can basically be divided into three parts: firstly, the findings from results anddiscussion 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。