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I. DEFINITION
System engineering is practiced differently and
understood differently by each engineer. Reference
[ 131 defines system engineering as follows.
1) Translate an operational need into a system.
2) Integrate all technical disciplines.
3) Ensure functional and physical interfaces.
4) Identify and abate risks.
5) Verify that the design meets the need.
A Practitioner’s View of System
Engineering
MYRON KAYTON, Fellow, IEEE
Kayton Engineering Co.
Tradeoff studies are the core technology of the system engineer
during the early design effort. The system engineer creates tools
to analyze performance, reliability, human interfaces, and cost.
The entire life of the system is fixed by the system engineers’
imagination during the initial design. After drawings are released,
the principal activities of the system engineer are the resolution
of intersubsystem conflicts and the documentation of delivered
products.
This paper describes planned and unplanned growth in
large-scale systems and offers examples. (Various kinds of
performance analysis tools are described, that are used for
electrical and mechanical systems.) Perfect optimization of cost
requires the owner to issue bonds to pay for higher quality
products from savings in maintenance and operations. There is a
dose relation between project management, system engineering,
proposal preparation, and cost estimating. The design process
has been bureaucratized, especially on projects paid for by large
noncompetitive organizations. The result has been a trend to rote
project management by technically illiterate lawyers and MBAs.
system engineering in information processing, biological systems,
infrastructure, and macroeconomics.
This paper concludes with a projection of the future of
Manuscript received March 25, 1996; revised April 28 and August
2, 1996.
IEEE Log NO. T-AESl33/2/2/03 164.
This paper is part of the author’s lecture, “What is System
Engineering,” first presented at the IEEE International Conference
on System Engineering in 1991 and repeated as a lecture in the
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society Distinguished
Speaker series.
Author’s address: P.O. Box 802, Santa Monica, CA 90406.
0018-9251/97/$10.00 @ 1997 IEEE
To accomplish 1) the system engineer invents a
variety of designs that satisfy the user’s needs. An
intelligent, imaginative system engineer will create
many designs that meet the user’s needs in various
ways, in whole and in part. The best designs often do
not meet all the users’ perceived needs.
To accomplish 2) requires an in-depth knowledge
of each subsystem, often with the aid of specialists. It
requires tradeoff studies of one system versus another.
To accomplish 3) usually involves the preparation
of an interface control document that defines
mechanical, electrical, and thermal interfaces among
all subsystems and devices. Periodic meetings of
the contractors are required to keep the interfaces
up-to-date and to resolve discrepancies.
To accomplish 4) requires “what-ir’ studies, the
assessment of the possibility that each contingency
will occur, and the creation of plans to accommodate
the most probable contingencies. Tradeoff studies are
part of the risk analysis.
To accomplish 5) requires the definition of tests本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。