英语论文网

On April 1, 1986, the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited a wholly Government owned corporation - was born as successor to OCS. The company operates a network of earth stations, switches, submarine cable systems, and value added service nodes to provide a range of basic and value added services and has a dedicated work force of about 2000 employees. VSNL's main gateway centers are located at Mumbai, New Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai.

HUTCH

Hutch's presence in India dates back to late 1992, when they worked with local partners to establish a company licensed to provide mobile telecommunications services in Mumbai. Commercial operations began in November 1995. Between 2000 and March 2004, Hutch acquired further operator equity interests or operating licences. With the completion of the acquisition of BPL Mobile Cellular Limited in January 2006, it now provides mobile services in 16 of the 23 defined licence areas across the country. Now Hutch India has maser of Vodafone mobile telecommunication inc.

IDEA

Indian regional operator IDEA Cellular Ltd. has a new ownership structure and grand designs to become a national player, but in doing so is likely to become a thorn in the side of Reliance Communications Ltd. IDEA operates in eight telecom 'circles,' or regions, in Western India, and has received additional GSM licenses to expand its network into three circles in Eastern India -- the first phase of a major expansion plan that it intends to fund through an IPO, according to parent company Aditya Birla Group.

Telecom Policy Last twenty years

Indian telecommunications today benefits from among the most enlightened regulation in the region, and arguably in the world. The sector, sometimes considered the 'poster-boy for economic reforms,' has been among the chief beneficiaries of the post-1991 liberalization. Unlike electricity, for example, where reforms have been stalled, telecommunications has generally been seen as removed from 'mass concerns,' and thus less subject to electoral calculations. Market oriented reforms have also been facilitated by lobbying from India's booming technology sector, whose continued success of course depends on the quality of communications infrastructure. Despite several hiccups along the way, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India the independent regulator has earned a reputation for transparency and competence. India continues to derive substantial revenue from license fees $800 million in 2001-2002 leading some critics to suggest that the government has abrogated its responsibilities as a regulator to those as a seller. Early on, however, the regulator was beleaguered on all fronts. It had to contend with political interference, the incumbent's many challenges to its authority, and accusations of ineptitude by private players.
?The corporatization of the creation of a new state-owned telecom company, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL), in 2000;
?The opening up of India's internal long-distance market in 2000, and the subsequent drop in long - distance rates as part of TRAI's tariff rebalancing exercise;
?The termination of VSNL's monopoly over international traffic in 2002 and the partial privatization of the company that same year, with the Tata group assuming a 25% stake and management control.
?The gradual easing of the original duopoly licensing policy, allowing a greater number of本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。