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have replaced the mallet and chisel with other tools.
(D) Sculptors receive more formal training.
5. The word "witnessed" in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) influenced
(B) studied
(C) validated
(D) observed
6. Where did Robert Laurent learn to carve?
(A) New York
(B) Africa
(C) The South Pacific
(D) Paris.
7. The phrase "a break with" in line 30 is closest in meaning to
(A) a destruction of
(B) a departure from
(C) a collapse of
(D) a solution to
8. The piece titled The Priestess has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
(A) The design is stylized.
(B) It is made of marble.
(C) The carving is not deep.
(D) It depicts the front of a person.

Question 9-19
Birds that feed in flocks commonly retire together into
roosts. The reasons for roosting communally are not always
obvious, but there are some likely benefits. In winter especially,
it is important for birds to keep warm at night and conserve
precious food reserves. One way to do this is to find a
sheltered roost. Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation or
enter a cavity - horned larks dig holes in the ground and
ptarmigan burrow into snow banks - but the effect of sheltering
is magnified by several birds huddling together in the
roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, andanis
do. Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold
air, so the birds keep each other warm. Two kinglets huddling
together were found to reduce their heat losses by a quarter
and three together saved a third of their heat.
The second possible benefit of communal roosts is that
they act as "information centers." During the day, parties of
birds will have spread out to forage over a very large area.
When they return in the evening some will have fed well, but
others may have found little to eat. Some investigators have
observed that when the birds set out again next morning,
those birds that did not feed well on the previous day appear to
follow those that did. The behavior of common and lesser
kestrels may illustrate different feeding behaviors of similar
birds with different roosting habits. The common kestrel
hunts vertebrate animals in a small, familiar hunting ground,
whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds on insects over a
large area. The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone, but
the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks, possibly so one
bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms.
Finally, there is safety in numbers at communal roosts
since there will always be a few birds awake at any given
moment to give the alarm. But this increased protection is partially
counteracted by the fact that mass roosts attract predators and
are especially vulnerable if they are on the ground. Even those
in trees can be attacked by birds of prey. The birds on the
edge are at greatest risk since predators find it easier to catch
small birds perching at the margins of the roost.
9. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How birds find and store food.
(B) How birds maintain body heat in the winter.
(C) Why birds need to establish territory.
(D) Why some species of birds nest together.
10. The word "conserve" in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) retain
(B) watch
(C) locate
(D) share
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