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23.The word "which" in line 16 refers to
(A) seed
(B) bird
(C) force
(D) bill

24.The word "gap" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) opening
(B) flower
(C) mouth
(D) tree

25.The word "discards" in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) eats
(B) breaks
(C) finds out
(D) gets rid of

26.The word "others" in line 25 refers to
(A) bills
(B) species
(C) seeds
(D) cones

27.The word "deft" in line 27 is closest in meaning to
(A) hungry
(B) skilled
(C) tired
(D) pleasant

28.The word "robust" in line 32 is closest in meaning to
(A) strong
(B) colorful
(C) unusual
(D) sharp

29.In what way is the Newfoundland crossbill an anomaly?
(A) It is larger than the other crossbill species
(B) It uses a different technique to obtain food
(C) The size of its bill does not fit the size of its food source
(D) It does not live in evergreen forests.

30.The final paragraph of the passage will probably continue with a discussion of
(A) other species of forest birds
(B) the fragile ecosystem of Newfoundland
(C) what mammals live in the forests of North America
(D) how the Newfoundland crossbill survives with a large bill

31.Where in the passage does the author describe how a crossbill removes a seed from its cone?
(A) The first paragraph
(B) The second paragraph
(C) The third paragraph
(D) The forth paragraph

Question 32-38

If you look closely at some of the early copies of the Delaration of Independence, beyond the flourished signature of John Hancock and the other 55 men who signed it, you will also find the name of one woman, Mary Katherine Goddard. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies.

Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twentyfour when her brother opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1762. When he proceeded to get into trouble
with his partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her mother who were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began publishing the Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper.
Similar problems seemed to follow her brother as he opened businesses in Philadelphia and again in Baltimore. Each time Ms. Goddard was brought in to run the newspapers. After starting
Baltimore s first newspaper, The Maryland Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to organize a colonial postal service. While he was in debtor s prison. Mary Katherine
Goddard s name appeared on the newspaper s masthead for the first time.

When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia in 1776, it commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first official version of the Declaration of Independence in January 1777. After printing the documents, she herself paid the post riders to deliver the Declaration throughout the colonies.

During the American Revolution, Mary Goddard continued to publish Baltimore s only newspaper, which one historian claimed was "second to none among the colonies". She was also the city s postmaster from 1775 to 1789 - appointed by Benjamin Franklin - and is considered to be the first woman to hold a federal position.

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