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[摘　要] 汉语和英语句子中的用词特点不同,表述有别。在把汉语翻译成英语时,为了使译文更加完整清楚地表达原语所阐述的内容,需要运用词语增补技巧,在英语译句中可增补连词、介词、冠词、动词、引导词、代词、名词、意义补充词语、语气补充词语、解释性词语、注释性词语、表达实际内涵意义的词语或提供背景知识的词语。

[关键词] 汉英翻译；翻译技巧；词语增补

汉语和英语句子中的用词特点不同,表述有别。有些词类,在其中一种语言中用得极为广泛,甚至是必不可少的,但在另一种语言中却是多余的,或是根本没有的。在进行汉英翻译时,为了使译文更加完整清楚地表达原语所阐述的内容,为了使译文合乎译语习惯,我们可在保持原意的前提下,在英语译句中增补下列汉语原语句中没有或省略的词语。

一、增补连词
汉语词语之间连词用得不多,其上下逻辑关系常常是暗含的,由词语的次序来表示。句子与句子之间的关系虽然常用连词表示,但有时也暗含于句序之间,不用连词。英语则不然,连词用得比较多,词与词、短语与短语、句与句之间的关系通常都是通过一定的连词连接起来的。因此在汉译英时就要根据原文,做出逻辑推理,添加并列连词或从属连词(表示时间、地点、条件、原因、程度或结果的连词)。例如:
(1)我们在发展社会主义事业的新时期,一定要坚持两手:一手是坚持对外开放、对内搞活经济的政策,另一手是坚决打击经济领域和政治领域中危害社会主义的严重犯罪活动。In the new period of the development of our socialist cause, we must attend to two aspects: on the one hand , we must persist in the policy of opening to the outside world and in our policies for invigorating the economy domestically and , on the other hand, we must resolutely strike at grave criminal activities in the economic and political spheres that endanger socialism.
(2)送君千里,终有一别。You may see off a friend and escort him miles and miles away, but you still have to part company in the end.
(3)中国革命经历过无数次的曲折,胜利、失败、再胜利、再失败,最后的胜利属于人民。The Chinese revolution underwent countless twists and turns _ _ _ _ _ victory, failure, victory again and failure again, but the final victory belongs to the people.
(4)这台示波器已连续工作三四小时了。This CRT has worked in succession three or four hours.
(5)虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
(6)晶体管门电路比起二极管门电路来有一个显著的优点,那就是晶体管除了起门的作用外还能够放大。The transistor gate has a distinct advantage over the diode gate in that the transistor amplifies, as well as acts as a gate.
(7)累得我走不动了。It makes me so tired that I can't walk any more.

二、增补介词
汉语中词与词之间的关系在许多情况下是通过语序和逻辑关系表示的,很少用介词,常用的介词也只有30多个。而英语则不然,介词用得较多,句子中词与词之间的关系通常都是用介词来表示的(有人统计,英语介词大约有290个左右),因此在汉译英时应注意适当增补介词。例如:
(1)我们应当尽量缩小城乡差距。We should try to shorten the distance between country and town as much as possible.
(2)我们看问题不要主观片面,对问题应作全面分析。
We should not take a subjective and lopsided view, instead we should make an overall analysis of a problem.
(3)照相底片刚一暴露在X射线下,就会变黑。Photographic plates become darkened on exposure to X-rays.
(4)人乃万物之灵。Man of all creatures is the one endowed with intelligence.
(5) 1976年7月28日,唐山发生了大地震。On July 28, 1976, a big earthquake took place in Tangshan.
(6)我国生产各种类型的电子计算机。Electronic computers of various types are produced in our country.
(7)我们在电子工业方面正在赶超最先进的世界水平。
We are catching up with and surpassing the most advanced world levels in electronic industry.

三、增补冠词
汉语中没有冠词,而英语中的冠词使用得却很广泛,因此,汉译英时应注意英语冠词的使用。例如:
(1)我们在火车站会合吧。Let's meet together at the railway station.
(2)成熟阶段是产品发展中非常重要的阶段。The maturity stage is a very important period for the development of a product. 3
(3)任何产品,无论是生活用品还是技术产品,都要
经过四个阶段。Any product has to go through the four stages, whether it's a technical product or a daily product.
(4)安培是电流的单位。The ampere is the unit of electric current.
(5)变压器一定有两个线圈。A transformer must have two coils.
(6)任何物质,不论是固体、液体还是气体,都是由原子组成的。Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas.

四、增补动词
汉语中的句子可以没有动词,而直接用形容词、名词或词组(主谓词组、动宾词组)作谓语。而英语则不然,谓语动词是句子中必不可少的成分,因此在汉译英的过程中,有时必须增补动词。
例如:
(1)不管运动方向怎样,摩擦总是同运动方向相反。
Friction always oppose the motion whatever its direction may be.
(2)晶体管收音机小而轻。T本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。