英语论文网

” (蒋莉, 2003: 20). For instance, English letters or words only represent the pronunciation but not the meaning. Therefore, such corresponding English words: “pen, moon, rain and follow” do not possess a hieroglyphic function.
It is concluded that the English vocabulary embodies the results of human’s abstract thinking and logical analysis.
3.4 Subjective Thinking Mode vs. Objective Thinking Mode
The ancient thinker Lao Tsu said: “Man follows the way of earth. Earth follows the way of heaven. Heaven follows the way of Dao. And Dao follows the way of spontaneity (人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然)”. Chuangzi also addressed: “ Heaven and earth come into being with me together, and to me, all things are one(天地与我并生，而万物与我为一)”. The Mengzi’s theory said: “Everything will be in me (万物皆备于我矣)”. Such beliefs make no difference in reflecting the human being as the center of the universe. Following the development of the society this human-oriented belief is still prevalent in the daily life of Chinese people. For instance, Li Ruihua reported that importance is attached to human being’s perception and feeling, when observing and describing the nature (李瑞华, 1996: 625). The advocated holism belief in “harmony between nature and human being” and “stress on human being’s feeling and perception” lead to subjective thinking mode, which advocates the Chinese people to express their strong personal consciousness and stresses all other things should serve for human. It is concluded that Chinese people are well developed in subjective thinking mode and synchronously observe, analyze and study objective matters. While the English people treat the objects as an important part, so they emphasize the observation and study of objects. Therefore, English people are well-developed in objective thinking mode and treat the objective world as the center. In this belief, the English people consider that the essence of human beings is to observe, analyze, control nature with the human intelligence and the power of science technology.

Ⅳ. Bi-directional E-C Translation Based on the Influence of the Above Contrast 基于以上对比的影响的双向英汉翻译
The above discussion shows us that there exist great contrast in Chinese and English respective thinking modes, and the linguistic systems of English and Chinese languages have various characteristics. Consequently, in the course of bi-directional E-C translation, some structural adjustments have to be made by the translators to improve the quality of translation. It will be a great task for a translator to learn some effective methods to deal with the differences and create coherence and at last have a proper translation.
4.1 Subject-Prominence vs. Topic-Prominence
    In the study of western and oriental linguists, the English language sentences are prone to subject-prominence. In terms of A New English Course Book by Zhang Zhenbang, there are five typical sentence patterns in English (章振邦, 2003: 20)
a.       Subject + Verb. Here the verb is intransitive with no object to follow, for example, no subject can be added to the verb “fall” in the sentence “The leaves fall.”
b.      Subject + Verb + Complement. In such a case, the verb is a linking verb, including “seem”, “be”, “like” and so on.