摘要:本文主要涉及了不同的思维方式和双向英汉翻译产生的影响。如果我们要加强我们的翻译技巧,减少尴尬,源语言和目标语言之间的不同思维方式的转变是必要的。当然,在这篇论文中提出的建议并不能解决所有在翻译的过程中遇到的问题。
c. Subject + Verb + Object + Complement. The verb here is called complex transitive verb because it takes an object and a complement. “We elect him chairman.”
d. Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object. The verb takes two objects, for example, “I give him a book.”
e. Subject + Verb + Object. The verb used here is transitive and takes only one object, for instance, “I need a pen.”
The five English patterns provide the basis for all the other sentences, which, if necessary, are condemned, expanded or otherwise evolved in form. So it is evident that the grammatical subject is indispensable to any typical sentences in English. That is why the linguists judged that English sentences are subject- prominence. In these typical sentences the subjects may be intricate.
For instance, [1] “In the corner diagonally opposite the door, Mrs. Higgins, now over 60 and long past taking the trouble to dress out of faction, sits writing at an elegantly simple writing table, with a bell bottom within reach of her hand. ” The subject here is obviously “Mrs. Higgins”. Moreover, any English thematic structure of sentence can be changed into the SVO or SVC order after some alterations. For example, [2] “To Tom she gave nothing, but to Anna he gave two shillings.” can be changed into the normal order “He gave nothing to Tom, but he gave two shillings to Anna.”
As to Chinese language, it tends to topic-prominence. According to American linguist Hockett’s study, the Chinese structure of language is mostly “Topic+ Comment”, and this typical Chinese structure resembles China Packing Carton because there is a main predicate with subject-predicate-type in sentence. We can find these phenomena even in a short sentence. For instance, [3] the Chinese sentence “我今天城里有事。” “我” is the “话题”,the rest element in the sentence is Comment. “今天城里有事”,“今天” is a Topic, and the rest part is Comment. And “城里有事”,“城里” is a Topic, “有事” is a Comment.
Some more translations show that English is subject-prominence while Chinese is topic-prominence.
[4] You don’t grow the grain you eat and you don’t make the clothes you wear.
你吃的粮食不是你自己种的。你穿的衣服不是你自己做的。
[5] Mere chance seemed to determine who lived or who died.
究竟谁死谁活,似乎只由一种偶然性决定。
[6] Thought about that quotation from Emerson for a long time, and until my heart healed, I left it where my mother had written it.
这句引自爱默生的话我琢磨良久,并把母亲写的这句话一直留在那儿,直到我的心灵创伤得以愈合。
It is concluded that the translator should convert the topic-comment pattern into SVO or SVC pattern in Chinese into English translation but convert the sentences into the pattern of topic-comment in English into Chinese translation.
4.2 Contrast in Words: Abstract Words-Prominence vs. Concrete Words-Prominence
In expressing the same idea English seems more abstract while Chinese is good at analogism to make the idea more concrete or with a specific image. The following examples will tell us the usual ways adopted in Chinese language to express the abstract notions:
[1] The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory development.
没有消息即表明有令人满意的进展。
[2] A high degree of carelessness, pre-operative and post- operative, on the part of some of the hospital staff, took place.
医院某些医护人员在手速前后都非常粗心。
[3] Wisdom prepares the wors
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